Institution
University of Magallanes
Education•Punta Arenas, Chile•
About: University of Magallanes is a education organization based out in Punta Arenas, Chile. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Glacier. The organization has 811 authors who have published 1688 publications receiving 24404 citations. The organization is also known as: UMAG.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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University of Leeds1, California Institute of Technology2, University of California, Irvine3, University of Washington4, Durham University5, University of Grenoble6, Goddard Space Flight Center7, University of Bristol8, University of Colorado Boulder9, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland10, University at Buffalo11, National Space Institute12, University of South Florida13, University of Texas at Austin14, University College London15, Dresden University of Technology16, Georgia Institute of Technology17, University of Lincoln18, University of Arizona19, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research20, Technische Universität München21, Danish Meteorological Institute22, Memorial University of Newfoundland23, National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology24, Remote Sensing Center25, Bergen University College26, University of Magallanes27, Newcastle University28, University of Toronto29, University of Bonn30, Delft University of Technology31, Seoul National University32, University of Urbino33, University of Stuttgart34
TL;DR: This work combines satellite observations of its changing volume, flow and gravitational attraction with modelling of its surface mass balance to show that the Antarctic Ice Sheet lost 2,720 ± 1,390 billion tonnes of ice between 1992 and 2017, which corresponds to an increase in mean sea level of 7.6‚¬3.9 millimetres.
Abstract: The Antarctic Ice Sheet is an important indicator of climate change and driver of sea-level rise. Here we combine satellite observations of its changing volume, flow and gravitational attraction with modelling of its surface mass balance to show that it lost 2,720 ± 1,390 billion tonnes of ice between 1992 and 2017, which corresponds to an increase in mean sea level of 7.6 ± 3.9 millimetres (errors are one standard deviation). Over this period, ocean-driven melting has caused rates of ice loss from West Antarctica to increase from 53 ± 29 billion to 159 ± 26 billion tonnes per year; ice-shelf collapse has increased the rate of ice loss from the Antarctic Peninsula from 7 ± 13 billion to 33 ± 16 billion tonnes per year. We find large variations in and among model estimates of surface mass balance and glacial isostatic adjustment for East Antarctica, with its average rate of mass gain over the period 1992–2017 (5 ± 46 billion tonnes per year) being the least certain.
725 citations
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Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland1, Victoria University of Wellington2, University of Zurich3, International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development4, University of Pisa5, University of Magallanes6, Polytechnic University of Valencia7, Natural Resources Canada8, Nagoya University9, University of Silesia in Katowice10, University of Oslo11, Stockholm University12, Nichols College13, Moscow State University14, University of Innsbruck15, Geological Survey of India16, Met Office17, Higher University of San Andrés18
TL;DR: This article provided an overview and analysis of the main observational datasets compiled by the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS) and showed that the rates of early 21st-century mass loss are without precedent on a global scale, at least for the time period observed and probably also for recorded history.
Abstract: Observations show that glaciers around the world are in retreat and losing mass. Internationally coordinated for over a century, glacier monitoring activities provide an unprecedented dataset of glacier observations from ground, air and space. Glacier studies generally select specific parts of these datasets to obtain optimal assessments of the mass-balance data relating to the impact that glaciers exercise on global sea-level fluctuations or on regional runoff. In this study we provide an overview and analysis of the main observational datasets compiled by the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS). The dataset on glacier front variations (�42000 since 1600) delivers clear evidence that centennial glacier retreat is a global phenomenon. Intermittent readvance periods at regional and decadal scale are normally restricted to a subsample of glaciers and have not come close to achieving the maximum positions of the Little Ice Age (or Holocene). Glaciological and geodetic observations (�5200since 1850) show that the rates of early 21st-century mass loss are without precedent on a global scale, at least for the time period observed and probably also for recorded history, as indicated also in reconstructions from written and illustrated documents. This strong imbalance implies that glaciers in many regions will very likely suffer further ice loss, even if climate remains stable.
548 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, a meta-regression analysis including 167 farm level technical efficiency (TE) studies of developing and developed countries was undertaken, and the econometric results suggest that stochastic frontier models generate lower mean TE (MTE) estimates than non-parametric deterministic models, while the primal approach is the most common technological representation.
Abstract: A meta-regression analysis including 167 farm level technical efficiency (TE) studies of developing and developed countries was undertaken. The econometric results suggest that stochastic frontier models generate lower mean TE (MTE) estimates than non-parametric deterministic models, while parametric deterministic frontier models yield lower estimates than the stochastic approach. The primal approach is the most common technological representation. In addition, frontier models based on cross-sectional data produce lower estimates than those based on panel data whereas the relationship between functional form and MTE is inconclusive. On average, studies for animal production show a higher MTE than crop farming. The results also suggest that the studies for countries in Western Europe and Oceania present, on average, the highest levels of MTE among all regions after accounting for various methodological features. In contrast, studies for Eastern European countries exhibit the lowest estimate followed by those from Asian, African, Latin American, and North American countries. Additional analysis reveals that MTEs are positively and significantly related to the average income of the countries in the data set but this pattern is broken by the upper middle income group which displays the lowest MTE.
476 citations
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Günter Blöschl1, Marc F. P. Bierkens2, António Chambel3, Christophe Cudennec4 +209 more•Institutions (124)
TL;DR: In this article, a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts is described. But despite the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work.
Abstract: This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through online media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focused on the process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come.
469 citations
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Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland1, Lund University2, Aarhus University3, University of Oslo4, Environment Canada5, University of Alaska Fairbanks6, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory7, Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean8, University of Miami9, University of Colorado Boulder10, Delft University of Technology11, Utrecht University12, Remote Sensing Center13, Bergen University College14, University of Magallanes15, Uppsala University16
TL;DR: In this article, key observational indicators of climate change in the Arctic, most spanning a 47-year period (1971-2017) demonstrate fundamental changes among nine key elements of the Arctic system.
Abstract: Key observational indicators of climate change in the Arctic, most spanning a 47 year period (1971–2017) demonstrate fundamental changes among nine key elements of the Arctic system. We find that, coherent with increasing air temperature, there is an intensification of the hydrological cycle, evident from increases in humidity, precipitation, river discharge, glacier equilibrium line altitude and land ice wastage. Downward trends continue in sea ice thickness (and extent) and spring snow cover extent and duration, while near-surface permafrost continues to warm. Several of the climate indicators exhibit a significant statistical correlation with air temperature or precipitation, reinforcing the notion that increasing air temperatures and precipitation are drivers of major changes in various components of the Arctic system. To progress beyond a presentation of the Arctic physical climate changes, we find a correspondence between air temperature and biophysical indicators such as tundra biomass and identify numerous biophysical disruptions with cascading effects throughout the trophic levels. These include: increased delivery of organic matter and nutrients to Arctic near‐coastal zones; condensed flowering and pollination plant species periods; timing mismatch between plant flowering and pollinators; increased plant vulnerability to insect disturbance; increased shrub biomass; increased ignition of wildfires; increased growing season CO2 uptake, with counterbalancing increases in shoulder season and winter CO2 emissions; increased carbon cycling, regulated by local hydrology and permafrost thaw; conversion between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems; and shifting animal distribution and demographics. The Arctic biophysical system is now clearly trending away from its 20th Century state and into an unprecedented state, with implications not only within but beyond the Arctic. The indicator time series of this study are freely downloadable at AMAP.no.
440 citations
Authors
Showing all 826 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Nibaldo C. Inestrosa | 74 | 409 | 20854 |
Peter Convey | 66 | 473 | 25471 |
Patrick Wheeler | 62 | 788 | 16933 |
Jon Clare | 61 | 430 | 17074 |
Enrique Brandan | 50 | 146 | 5878 |
Charles R. Stern | 48 | 174 | 8185 |
Michael R. Kaplan | 44 | 111 | 5581 |
Bernard Goffinet | 43 | 194 | 5599 |
Gino Casassa | 42 | 129 | 8779 |
Judi Mesman | 41 | 134 | 6595 |
Roberto Cardenas | 41 | 170 | 6939 |
Sebastian H. Mernild | 39 | 106 | 4504 |
Fernando J. Méndez | 38 | 156 | 4948 |
Ruben Pena | 36 | 142 | 7930 |
Gary Shaffer | 33 | 65 | 3491 |