Mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet from 1992 to 2017.
Andrew Shepherd,Erik R. Ivins,Eric Rignot,Ben Smith,Michiel R. van den Broeke,Isabella Velicogna,Pippa L. Whitehouse,Kate Briggs,Ian Joughin,Gerhard Krinner,Sophie Nowicki,Tony Payne,Ted Scambos,Nicole Schlegel,Geruo A,Cécile Agosta,Andreas P. Ahlstrøm,Greg Babonis,Valentina R. Barletta,Alejandro Blazquez,Jennifer Bonin,Beata Csatho,Richard I. Cullather,Denis Felikson,Xavier Fettweis,René Forsberg,Hubert Gallée,Alex S. Gardner,Lin Gilbert,Andreas Groh,Brian Gunter,Edward Hanna,Christopher Harig,Veit Helm,Alexander Horvath,Martin Horwath,Shfaqat Abbas Khan,Kristian K. Kjeldsen,Hannes Konrad,Peter L. Langen,Benoit S. Lecavalier,Bryant D. Loomis,Scott B. Luthcke,Malcolm McMillan,Daniele Melini,Sebastian H. Mernild,Sebastian H. Mernild,Sebastian H. Mernild,Yara Mohajerani,Philip Moore,Jeremie Mouginot,Jeremie Mouginot,Gorka Moyano,Alan Muir,Thomas Nagler,Grace A. Nield,Johan Nilsson,Brice Noël,Ines Otosaka,Mark E. Pattle,W. Richard Peltier,Nadege Pie,Roelof Rietbroek,Helmut Rott,Louise Sandberg-Sørensen,Ingo Sasgen,Himanshu Save,Bernd Scheuchl,Ernst Schrama,Ludwig Schröder,Ki-Weon Seo,Sebastian B. Simonsen,Thomas Slater,Giorgio Spada,T. C. Sutterley,Matthieu Talpe,Lev Tarasov,Willem Jan van de Berg,Wouter van der Wal,Melchior van Wessem,Bramha Dutt Vishwakarma,David N. Wiese,Bert Wouters +82 more
TLDR
This work combines satellite observations of its changing volume, flow and gravitational attraction with modelling of its surface mass balance to show that the Antarctic Ice Sheet lost 2,720 ± 1,390 billion tonnes of ice between 1992 and 2017, which corresponds to an increase in mean sea level of 7.6‚¬3.9 millimetres.Abstract:
The Antarctic Ice Sheet is an important indicator of climate change and driver of sea-level rise. Here we combine satellite observations of its changing volume, flow and gravitational attraction with modelling of its surface mass balance to show that it lost 2,720 ± 1,390 billion tonnes of ice between 1992 and 2017, which corresponds to an increase in mean sea level of 7.6 ± 3.9 millimetres (errors are one standard deviation). Over this period, ocean-driven melting has caused rates of ice loss from West Antarctica to increase from 53 ± 29 billion to 159 ± 26 billion tonnes per year; ice-shelf collapse has increased the rate of ice loss from the Antarctic Peninsula from 7 ± 13 billion to 33 ± 16 billion tonnes per year. We find large variations in and among model estimates of surface mass balance and glacial isostatic adjustment for East Antarctica, with its average rate of mass gain over the period 1992–2017 (5 ± 46 billion tonnes per year) being the least certain.read more
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Four decades of Antarctic Ice Sheet mass balance from 1979-2017.
Eric Rignot,Eric Rignot,Jeremie Mouginot,Jeremie Mouginot,Bernd Scheuchl,Michiel R. van den Broeke,Melchior van Wessem,Mathieu Morlighem +7 more
TL;DR: During the entire period, the mass loss concentrated in areas closest to warm, salty, subsurface, circumpolar deep water (CDW), consistent with enhanced polar westerlies pushing CDW toward Antarctica to melt its floating ice shelves, destabilize the glaciers, and raise sea level.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global glacier mass changes and their contributions to sea-level rise from 1961 to 2016
Michael Zemp,Matthias Huss,Emmanuel Thibert,Nicolas Eckert,Robert McNabb,Jacqueline Huber,Martina Barandun,Horst Machguth,Horst Machguth,Samuel U. Nussbaumer,Samuel U. Nussbaumer,Isabelle Gärtner-Roer,Laura Thomson,Frank Paul,Fabien Maussion,Stanislav Kutuzov,J G Cogley +16 more
TL;DR: This article used an extrapolation of glaciological and geodetic observations to show that glaciers contributed 27 ± 22 millimetres to global mean sea-level rise from 1961 to 2016.
Journal ArticleDOI
An assessment of Earth's climate sensitivity using multiple lines of evidence
Steven C. Sherwood,Mark J. Webb,James D. Annan,Kyle C. Armour,Piers M. Forster,Julia C. Hargreaves,Gabriele C. Hegerl,S A Klein,Kate Marvel,Kate Marvel,Eelco J. Rohling,Eelco J. Rohling,Masahiro Watanabe,Timothy Andrews,Pascale Braconnot,Christopher S. Bretherton,Gavin L. Foster,Zeke Hausfather,A. S. von der Heydt,Reto Knutti,Thorsten Mauritsen,Joel R. Norris,Cristian Proistosescu,Maria Rugenstein,Gavin A. Schmidt,Katarzyna B. Tokarska,Mark D. Zelinka +26 more
TL;DR: Evidence relevant to Earth's equilibrium climate sensitivity per doubling of atmospheric CO2, characterized by an effective sensitivity S, is assessed, using a Bayesian approach to produce a probability density function for S given all the evidence, and promising avenues for further narrowing the range are identified.
Journal ArticleDOI
Contributions of GRACE to understanding climate change.
Byron D. Tapley,Michael M. Watkins,Frank Flechtner,Christoph Reigber,Srinivas Bettadpur,Matthew Rodell,Ingo Sasgen,James S. Famiglietti,Felix W. Landerer,Don P. Chambers,John T. Reager,Alex S. Gardner,Himanshu Save,Erik R. Ivins,Sean Swenson,Carmen Boening,Christoph Dahle,David N. Wiese,Henryk Dobslaw,Mark E. Tamisiea,Isabella Velicogna +20 more
TL;DR: The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment mission allows monitoring of changes in hydrology and the cryosphere with terrestrial and ocean applications and its contribution to the detection and quantification of climate change signals is focused on.
Journal Article
Global glacier mass changes and their contributions to sea-level rise from 1961 to 2016
Michael Zemp,Matthias Huss,Matthias Huss,Emmanuel Thibert,Nicolas Eckert,Robert McNabb,Jacqueline Huber,Martina Barandun,Horst Machguth,Horst Machguth,Samuel U. Nussbaumer,Isabelle Gärtner-Roer,Laura Thomson,Frank Paul,Fabien Maussion,Stanislav Kutuzov,J. Graham Cogley +16 more
TL;DR: The largest collection so far of glaciological and geodetic observations suggests that glaciers contributed about 27 millimetres to sea-level rise from 1961 to 2016, at rates of ice loss that could see the disappearance of many glaciers this century.
References
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