University of Nottingham

About: University of Nottingham is a education organization based out in Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 54772 authors who have published 119600 publications receiving 4227408 citations. The organization is also known as: The University of Nottingham & University College, Nottingham.

Organizational Identity and Learning: A Psychodynamic Perspective

Abstract: Organizations are prone to ego defenses, such as denial, rationalization, idealization, fantasy, and symbolization, that maintain collective self-esteem and the continuity of existing identity. These defenses are dysfunctional when they militate against necessary organizational change. Maladaptive identity defense mechanisms can be mitigated through processes of organizational learning in the form of critical self-reflexivity and an identity-focused dialogue, which promote attitudes of wisdom.

Lung cancer and cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis : A population-based cohort study

Abstract: Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. However, it has recently become apparent that cigarette smoking may be a risk factor for cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis as well as for lung cancer, and so may confound the association between these conditions. We have therefore estimated the independent increase in lung cancer incidence in patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis compared with the general population in a population-based cohort study involving 890 subjects with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and 5, 884 control subjects drawn from the United Kingdom General Practice Research Database. The incidence of lung cancer was markedly increased among patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (rate ratio [RR] 7.31, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 4.47 to 11.93, p < 0.001), and adjustment for previous smoking history had little effect on this odds ratio (adjusted RR: 8.25, 95% CI 4.70 to 11.48, p < 0.001). This increase in lung cancer incidence remained when the analysis was restricted to current smokers (RR 7.36, 95% CI 1.54 to 35.19, p = 0.012). This study provides clear evidence that the incidence of lung cancer is increased in patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, and that this effect is independent of the effect of cigarette smoking.

The pathogenesis of helicobacter pylori–induced gastro-duodenal diseases

Abstract: Helicobacter pylori is the main cause of peptic ulceration, distal gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric lymphoma Only 15% of those colonized develop disease, and pathogenesis depends upon strain virulence, host genetic susceptibility, and environmental cofactors Virulence factors include the cag pathogenicity island, which induces proinflammatory, pro-proliferative epithelial cell signaling; the cytotoxin VacA, which causes epithelial damage; and an adhesin, BabA Host genetic polymorphisms that lead to high-level pro-inflammatory cytokine release in response to infection increase cancer risk Pathogenesis is dependent upon inflammation, a Th-1 acquired immune response and hormonal changes including hypergastrinaemia Antral-predominant inflammation leads to increased acid production from the uninflamed corpus and predisposes to duodenal ulceration; corpus-predominant gastritis leads to hypochlorhydria and predisposes to gastric ulceration and adenocarcinoma Falling prevalence of H pylori in developed countries has led to a falling incidence of associated diseases However, whether there are disadvantages of an H pylori-free stomach, for example increased risk of esosphageal adenocarcinoma, remains unclear

A new spin foam model for 4D gravity

Abstract: Starting from Plebanski formulation of gravity as a constrained BF theory we propose a new spin foam model for 4D Riemannian quantum gravity that generalizes the well-known Barrett–Crane model and resolves the inherent to it ultra-locality problem. The BF formulation of 4D gravity possesses two sectors: gravitational and topological ones. The model presented here is shown to give a quantization of the gravitational sector, and is dual to the recently proposed spin foam model of Engle et al which, we show, corresponds to the topological sector. Our methods allow us to introduce the Immirzi parameter into the framework of spin foam quantization. We generalize some of our considerations to the Lorentzian setting and obtain a new spin foam model in that context as well.