Institution
University of Nottingham
Education•Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom•
About: University of Nottingham is a education organization based out in Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 54772 authors who have published 119600 publications receiving 4227408 citations. The organization is also known as: The University of Nottingham & University College, Nottingham.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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University of California, Irvine1, University of Nottingham2, University of Delaware3, University of Ottawa4, Centre national de la recherche scientifique5, Kansas State University6, Michigan State University7, Institut de recherche pour le développement8, University of Georgia9, Miami University10, University of Leeds11
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine the relationship between climate and biodiversity and conclude that the interaction between water and energy, either directly or indirectly, provides a strong explanation for globally extensive plant and animal diversity gradients, but for animals there also is a latitudinal shift in the relative importance of ambient energy vs. water moving from the poles to the equator.
Abstract: It is often claimed that we do not understand the forces driving the global diversity gradient. However, an extensive literature suggests that contemporary climate constrains terrestrial taxonomic richness over broad geographic extents. Here, we review the empirical literature to examine the nature and form of the relationship between climate and richness. Our goals were to document the support for the climatically based energy hypothesis, and within the constraints imposed by correlative analyses, to evaluate two versions of the hypothesis: the productivity and ambient energy hypotheses. Focusing on studies extending over 800 km, we found that measures of energy, water, or water-energy balance explain spatial variation in richness better than other climatic and non-climatic variables in 82 of 85 cases. Even when considered individually and in isolation, water/ energy variables explain on average over 60% of the variation in the richness of a wide range of plant and animal groups. Further, water variables usually represent the strongest predictors in the tropics, subtropics, and warm temperate zones, whereas energy variables (for animals) or water-energy variables (for plants) dominate in high latitudes. We conclude that the interaction between water and energy, either directly or indirectly (via plant productivity), provides a strong explanation for globally extensive plant and animal diversity gradients, but for animals there also is a latitudinal shift in the relative importance of ambient energy vs. water moving from the poles to the equator. Although contemporary climate is not the only factor influencing species richness and may not explain the diversity pattern for all taxonomic groups, it is clear that understanding water-energy dynamics is critical to future biodiversity research. Analyses that do not include water-energy variables are missing a key component for explaining broad-scale patterns of diversity.
2,069 citations
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TL;DR: The Fifth Edition of the 'Guide to Receptors and Channels' is a compilation of the major pharmacological targets divided into seven sections: G protein-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, ion channel, catalytic receptors, nuclear receptors, transporters and enzymes.
Abstract: The Fifth Edition of the 'Guide to Receptors and Channels' is a compilation of the major pharmacological targets divided into seven sections: G protein-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, ion channels, catalytic receptors, nuclear receptors, transporters and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside suggestions for further reading. Available alongside this publication is a portal at http://www.GuideToPharmacology.org which is produced in close association with NC-IUPHAR and allows free online access to the information presented in the Fifth Edition.
2,066 citations
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Space Telescope Science Institute1, University of California, Santa Cruz2, Johns Hopkins University3, Western Kentucky University4, University of Massachusetts Amherst5, Carnegie Institution for Science6, European Southern Observatory7, Ohio State University8, Rutgers University9, Durham University10, University of Nottingham11, Max Planck Society12, University of Innsbruck13, University of Michigan14, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission15, University of Edinburgh16, Harvard University17, California Institute of Technology18, University of California, Irvine19, Swinburne University of Technology20, University of Arizona21, Goddard Space Flight Center22, Hebrew University of Jerusalem23, Victoria University, Australia24, DSM25, University of California, Berkeley26, Texas A&M University27, University of Notre Dame28, Smithsonian Institution29, Yale University30, University of Missouri–Kansas City31, University of California, Riverside32, Imperial College London33, University of Pittsburgh34, Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics35, National Research Council36, Stanford University37
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the Hubble Space Telescope imaging data products and data reduction procedures for the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS).
Abstract: This paper describes the Hubble Space Telescope imaging data products and data reduction procedures for the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS). This survey is designed to document the evolution of galaxies and black holes at z 1.5-8, and to study Type Ia supernovae at z > 1.5. Five premier multi-wavelength sky regions are selected, each with extensive multi-wavelength observations. The primary CANDELS data consist of imaging obtained in the Wide Field Camera 3 infrared channel (WFC3/IR) and the WFC3 ultraviolet/optical channel, along with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS). The CANDELS/Deep survey covers ~125 arcmin2 within GOODS-N and GOODS-S, while the remainder consists of the CANDELS/Wide survey, achieving a total of ~800 arcmin2 across GOODS and three additional fields (Extended Groth Strip, COSMOS, and Ultra-Deep Survey). We summarize the observational aspects of the survey as motivated by the scientific goals and present a detailed description of the data reduction procedures and products from the survey. Our data reduction methods utilize the most up-to-date calibration files and image combination procedures. We have paid special attention to correcting a range of instrumental effects, including charge transfer efficiency degradation for ACS, removal of electronic bias-striping present in ACS data after Servicing Mission 4, and persistence effects and other artifacts in WFC3/IR. For each field, we release mosaics for individual epochs and eventual mosaics containing data from all epochs combined, to facilitate photometric variability studies and the deepest possible photometry. A more detailed overview of the science goals and observational design of the survey are presented in a companion paper.
2,011 citations
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TL;DR: The parmbsc0 force field as mentioned in this paper is a refinement of the AMBER parm99 force field, where emphasis has been made on the correct representation of the a/g concerted rotation in nucleic acids (NAs).
1,982 citations
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Durham University1, University of Edinburgh2, ETH Zurich3, Johns Hopkins University4, Queen's University5, Liverpool John Moores University6, University of New South Wales7, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory8, University of Bristol9, Australian National University10, University of Cambridge11, California Institute of Technology12, Australia Telescope National Facility13, University College London14, University of Nottingham15
TL;DR: In this paper, a power-spectrum analysis of the final 2DF Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS) employing a direct Fourier method is presented, and the covariance matrix is determined using two different approaches to the construction of mock surveys, which are used to demonstrate that the input cosmological model can be correctly recovered.
Abstract: We present a power-spectrum analysis of the final 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey (2dFGRS), employing a direct Fourier method. The sample used comprises 221 414 galaxies with measured redshifts. We investigate in detail the modelling of the sample selection, improving on previous treatments in a number of respects. A new angular mask is derived, based on revisions to the photometric calibration. The redshift selection function is determined by dividing the survey according to rest-frame colour, and deducing a self-consistent treatment of k-corrections and evolution for each population. The covariance matrix for the power-spectrum estimates is determined using two different approaches to the construction of mock surveys, which are used to demonstrate that the input cosmological model can be correctly recovered. We discuss in detail the possible differences between the galaxy and mass power spectra, and treat these using simulations, analytic models and a hybrid empirical approach. Based on these investigations, we are confident that the 2dFGRS power spectrum can be used to infer the matter content of the universe. On large scales, our estimated power spectrum shows evidence for the ‘baryon oscillations’ that are predicted in cold dark matter (CDM) models. Fitting to a CDM model, assuming a primordial n s = 1 spectrum, h = 0.72 and negligible neutrino mass, the preferred
1,940 citations
Authors
Showing all 55289 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Robert Langer | 281 | 2324 | 326306 |
Robert M. Califf | 196 | 1561 | 167961 |
Eric J. Topol | 193 | 1373 | 151025 |
Simon D. M. White | 189 | 795 | 231645 |
Douglas F. Easton | 165 | 844 | 113809 |
Elliott M. Antman | 161 | 716 | 179462 |
Pete Smith | 156 | 2464 | 138819 |
Christopher P. Cannon | 151 | 1118 | 108906 |
Scott T. Weiss | 147 | 1025 | 74742 |
Frede Blaabjerg | 147 | 2161 | 112017 |
Martin J. Blaser | 147 | 820 | 104104 |
Stephen Sanders | 145 | 1385 | 105943 |
Stuart J. Pocock | 145 | 684 | 143547 |
Peter B. Jones | 145 | 1857 | 94641 |
Alexander Belyaev | 142 | 1895 | 100796 |