Showing papers by "University of Oregon published in 1981"
TL;DR: Clones of homozygous fish have been produced from individual homozygotes and associated genetic methods facilitate genetic analyses of this vertebrate.
Abstract: Homozygous diploid zebra fish have been produced on a large scale by the application of simple physical treatments. Clones of homozygous fish have been produced from individual homozygotes. These clones and associated genetic methods will facilitate genetic analyses of this vertebrate.
1,203 citations
TL;DR: RoTHBABT et al. as mentioned in this paper developed a caretaker-report instrument of the assessment of infant temperament, and longitudinal findmgs are reported Temperament dimensions were selected for mvestigation from the work of Thomas, Chess et al, Escalona, Diamond, and others.
Abstract: RoTHBABT, MABY KLEVJOHD Measurement of Temperament m Infancy CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1981, 52, 569-578 Development of a caretaker-report instrument of the assessment of infant temperament is descnbed, and longitudinal findmgs are reported Temperament dimensions were selected for mvestigation from the work of Thomas, Chess et al, Escalona, Diamond, and others Conceptual analysis of scale definitions was earned out to eliminate conceptual overlap of scales, and item analysis was performed for 463 Infant Behavior Quesbonnaires filled out for 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month-old subjects Scales widi adequate psychometnc and conceptual properbes were developed for the following dimensions activity level, soothabilih', fear, distress to limitabons, smiling and laughter, and duration of orienting In longitudinal analyses, acbvity level and smiling and laughter scales revealed stability from 3 through 12 months, durabon of onenting and soothabihty showed less general stability, and fear and distress to limitabons showed stability only beyond the age of 6 months
1,115 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the cross section for the semi-inclusive process e+ + e− → A + B + X is calculated in terms of quark decay functions d A a (z).
950 citations
TL;DR: This article examined the effects of a common stock repurchase on the values of the repurchasing firm's common stock, debt and preferred stock, and attempted to identify the dominant factors underlying the observed value changes.
671 citations
TL;DR: The utility and validity of Bandura's self-efficacy theory and Marlatt's theoretical model of relapse were evaluated in a study of 78 cigarette smokers from two different cessation programs as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The utility and validity of Bandura's self-efficacy theory and Marlatt's theoretical model of relapse were evaluated in a study of 78 cigarette smokers from two different cessation programs. Pretreatment, posttreatment, and follow-up assessments of smoking behavior, self-efficacy, and mood states were obtained. Efficacy state was found to be significantly enhanced as the result of both treatment programs. Subjects' scores on the seven clusters from the posttreatment efficacy state inventory were used as predictor variables in a multiple regression analysis to predict which subjects would relapse and how long, on a dichotomous time variable, they would remain abstinent before relapse. Multiple correlations, corrected for shrinkage, were .57 for relapse and .69 for time to relapse. A microanalysis revealed an extremely high correspondence between the cluster of smoking situations in which relapsing subjects experienced a low degree of selfefficacy and the situation in which relapse first occurred (weighted kappa = .89). Analysis of mood and efficacy data during follow-up indicated that relapsing subjects demonstrated aspects of a cognitive dissonance reaction and a personal attribution effect that were consistent with Marlatt's description of the abstinence violation effect. Research and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
619 citations
TL;DR: In this article, depression-related cognitions and self-esteem were measured in a large community sample (N = 998) that was subsequently followed for 1 year, finding that depressed subjects with more negative cognitions were significantly less likely to improve during the follow-up period.
Abstract: The goal of this longitudinal study was to determine whether cognitions known to be correlated with depression precede, accompany, or follow an episode of depression. Depression-related cognitions and self-esteem were measured in a large community sample (N = 998) that was subsequently followed for 1 year. Sixty-three subjects were depressed at the time of assessment, 85 became depressed during the follow-up period, and 115 had a history of depression but were not depressed at the initial assessment. The results were generally consistent with the hypothesis that depression-related cognitions arise concomittantly with an episode of depression. The currently depressed subjects differed from nondepressed subjects as expected; however, participants who were to become depressed during the course of the study did not differ from controls on the cognitive measures. In addition, depressive cognitions did not seem to be permanent residuals of an episode. Although the depression-related cognitions did not predict future depression, they did predict improvement; depressed subjects with more negative cognitions were significantly less likely to improve during the follow-up period.
581 citations
TL;DR: The three-dimensional structure of the 66-amino acid cro repressor protein of bacteriophage λ suggests how it binds to its operator DNA and suggests a pair of 2-fold-related α-helices of the represser seem to be a major determinant in recognition and binding.
Abstract: The three-dimensional structure of the 66-amino acid cro repressor protein of bacteriophage λ suggests how it binds to its operator DNA. We propose that a dimer of cro protein is bound to the B-form of DNA with the 2-fold axis of the dimer coincident with the 2-fold axis of DNA. A pair of 2-fold-related α-helices of the represser, lying within successive major grooves of the DNA, seem to be a major determinant in recognition and binding. In addition, the C-terminal residues of the protein, some of which are disordered in the absence of DNA, appear to contribute to the binding.
486 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that the binding affinity of oligonucleotides of length from two to eight nucleotide residues for gene 32 protein is essentially independent of base composition or sugar type, and that the entire salt dependence of Kω is in the intrinsic binding constant ( K ); the co-operativity parameter (ω) is essentiallyindependent of salt concentration.
332 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive set of theoretical $L$-shell Auger and total widths, and Coster-Kronig and fluorescence yields is presented for atomic numbers $18\ensuremath{\le}Z\ensuresuremath{-}{L}_{2,3}{M}_{4,5}$ as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A comprehensive set of theoretical $L$-shell Auger and total widths, and Coster-Kronig and fluorescence yields is presented for atomic numbers $18\ensuremath{\le}Z\ensuremath{\le}100$. These quantities are based on ab initio relativistic calculations. Agreement with experimental values is fair for ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{1}$ and generally good for ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{2}$, ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{3} (Z\ensuremath{\ge}54)$, ${f}_{23} (Z\ensuremath{\ge}60)$, $\ensuremath{\Gamma}({L}_{2})$, $\ensuremath{\Gamma}({L}_{3})$, and for $\ensuremath{\Gamma}({L}_{1})$ in the range $49\ensuremath{\le}Z\ensuremath{\le}75$. Discrepancies in $\ensuremath{\Gamma}({L}_{1})$ for $Zl49$ point toward the need for a many-body calculation of low-energy ${L}_{1}\ensuremath{-}{L}_{2,3}{M}_{4,5}$ Coster-Kronig transitions. There is a pronounced need for measurements of ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{3}$ and ${f}_{23}$ of elements lighter than Xe.
307 citations
TL;DR: The literature on teacher training seems to indicate that mastery of teaching skills can be accomplished through the use of a combination of three training elements: the study of the theory underly, the underlay theory, and the underlaying theory as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The literature on teacher training seems to indicate that mastery of teaching skills can be accomplished through the use of a combination of three training elements: the study of the theory underly...
281 citations
TL;DR: The authors suggest that organizational behavior researchers should focus more attention on person factors that might be expected to mediate the effects of situation factors, and vice versa, and encourage a less restricted interpretation of an interaction, which can mean non-additivity, differential validity, overlapping main effects, reciprocal influence, and cognitive sense making of experience.
Abstract: Interactional psychology emphasizes continuous, multidirectional interaction between person and situation characteristics. This perspective suggests that organizational behavior researchers should focus more attention on person factors that might be expected to mediate the effects of situation factors, and vice versa. It also encourages a less restricted interpretation of an interaction, which can mean non-additivity, differential validity, overlapping main effects, reciprocal influence, and cognitive sense making of experience.
TL;DR: The observations suggest that new rods originate from mitotic divisions of precursor cells which are interspersed among the nuclei of mature rods within the retina, which could explain how the proportion of rods relative to other neurones increases as the retinas of fish grow.
Abstract: Fish grow throughout life1 and new neurones are added to the retina as the eyes increase in size2–6. As the retina expands, the density of cells decreases: ganglion cells, cones and cells in the inner nuclear layer are spaced further apart in retinas from larger (older) fish2–5,7–9. In contrast, the density of rods increases during larval development and is then maintained approximately constant as the adult eye grows2–5. Previous developmental studies, in which 3H-thymidine was used to identify proliferating cells, revealed a germinal zone at the margin of the retina. The germinal cells divide to produce new retinal neurones which are added annularly at the perimeter of the growing retina5,6,10. A similar circumferential pattern of growth has been demonstrated in larval amphibians11–15. These studies concluded that the retinal margin is the only site of neurogenesis in post-embryonic retinas. In contrast, our observations suggest that new rods originate from mitotic divisions of precursor cells which are interspersed among the nuclei of mature rods within the retina. The selective addition of rods throughout the retina could explain how the proportion of rods relative to other neurones increases as the retinas of fish grow2–4,7. Preliminary reports of these experiments have appeared elsewhere16,17.
TL;DR: Chi recombinational hotspots are sites around which the rate of Rec-promoted recombination in bacteriophage lambda is elevated, and it is concluded that Chi is 5' GCTGGTGG 3', or its complement, or both.
TL;DR: Number of new cases, average age of onset, and average duration of episodes were comparable in men and women, but women with a history of previous depression were much more likely to become depressed again than men with a similar history.
Abstract: The rates of occurrence of unipolar depression as measured by self-report and by diagnosis based on semistructured interviews were examined in a longitudinal study with a general community sample (N = 998). Number of new cases, average age of onset, and average duration of episodes were comparable in men and women, but women with a history of previous depression were much more likely to become depressed again than men with a similar history. Data on a large number of demographic and psychological variables were collected on the subjects. Controlling for these factors (both singly and in combination) did not eliminate the sex difference in unipolar depression. Neither the artifact hypothesis (according to which the "true" prevalence of depression is equal for men and women) nor the psychosocial hypothesis (according to which women are more disadvantaged on relevant psychosocial variables) was supported by the data.
TL;DR: Various aspects of the data suggest that cognitive maps are not strictly holistic, but consist of orientation-specific representations, and—at least in part—of relational propositions specific to object pairs.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Findings indicate that for clinical patient evaluation, age-corrected normal ranges derived from linear or multiple regression coefficients should be used for rod- and cone-mediated b-wave response, whereas normal rangesderived from mean and standard deviation are more appropriate for scotopic a-wave amplitude,Scotopic cone- mediated x-wave amplitudes, and for all implicit times.
Abstract: The ganzfeld-evoked electroretinogram (ERG) is the most effective measure of the mass electrical response of cones and rods; however, all variables affecting the various components of the ERG have not been identified. The scotopic b-wave amplitude has been appreciated to be age-dependent, but little or no information exists in the literature regarding age dependency for other components. Linear regression analysis against age and multiple regression analysis against age and log intensity of the stimulus were performed on ERG responses from 24 prospectively normal subjects. Significant age dependency was found for scotopic rod-mediated b-wave amplitude, scotopic mixed rod-and cone-mediated bx-wave amplitude, and for photopic cone-mediated and b-wave amplitude. No significant age correlation was found for dark-adapted cone a-wave amplitude, scotopic cone-mediated x-wave amplitude, scotopic a-wave amplitude from mixed rod and cone responses to bright stimuli, or for implicit times for any scotopic or photopic responses. These findings indicate that for clinical patient evaluation, age-corrected normal ranges derived from linear or multiple regression coefficients should be used for rod- and cone-mediated b-wave response, whereas normal ranges derived from mean and standard deviation are more appropriate for scotopic a-wave amplitude, scotopic cone-mediated x-wave amplitude, and for all implicit times.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors extended the genetic analysis of four mutants carrying defective MATα alleles in order to determine how the mating type locus controls yeast cell types: a, a, and a α.
TL;DR: The sections in this article are:==================\/\/\/\/€£€£££€€£ £££ £ ££€ ££ £€£ $££ $€£ €££$££ €€£/$££/$€£$ ££/$ ££ $ ££$€£ 1.2============Theoretical Interpretations of single-movement control======\/\/££•££
Abstract: The sections in this article are:
1
Single-Movement Control
1.1
Fitts' Law
1.2
Theoretical Interpretations of Single-Movement Control
1.3
Summary of Single-Movement Control
2
Representation of Complex Motor Patterns
2.1
Human Evidence for a Program Concept
2.2
Constraints on Coordination
2.3
Summary and Conclusions
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of noise on human performance, interpersonal behavior, annoyance, cognitive development, and mental and physical health are reviewed, and the relevance of this research for predicting the effect of noise in community and industrial settings is emphasized.
Abstract: This article presents an overview of research and theory on the nonauditory effects of noise on human behavior and health. Laboratory and naturalistic research on the effects of noise on human performance, interpersonal behavior, annoyance, cognitive development, and mental and physical health are reviewed. The review includes studies of children as well as adults, and the discussion emphasizes the relevance of this research for predicting the effect of noise in community and industrial settings. Noise effects are viewed as determined by variations in psychological characteristics of a situation as well as the physical parameters of the sound. Predictability and controllability of a noise, its meaning for the respondent and its degree of interference with auditory communication are factors that mediate the effects of noise across a variety of outcome measures.
TL;DR: The ability of matα2 bar1 double mutants to produce extracellular α-factor indicates that mat α2 mutants do produce α-Factor but that it is degraded by the Barrier function, suggesting that BAR1 is normally expressed only in a cells, and is negatively regulated in α cells by the MATα2 product.
TL;DR: Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide reacted with beef heart cytochrome c oxidase in inhibit the proton-pumping function of this enzyme and to a lesser extent to inhibit electron transfer.
TL;DR: A major emphasis must be placed on prompt catheter removal if the prevalence of nosocomial urinary tract infections is to be reduced substantially in a cost-effective manner.
Abstract: This study describes the evaluation of 108 patients who had indwelling urethral catheters for acute medical and surgical indications. Patients were evaluated daily, and cultures from bladders and drainage bags were obtained. Appropriateness for continuing catheterization was as sessed using preset criteria. Twenty-five patients developed urinary tract infections. Exposure to antibiotics and a shorter duration of catheterization were the only factors that correlated significantly with a delayed onset or decreased prevalence of infection. Factors found to have insignificant effects included age, sex, maintenance of the closed system, underlying host disease status, catheter type, and reason for catheterization. No collection systems with one way valves were used, but significant colony counts in drainage bag urine preceded urinary tract infection in only two patients. Thirty-six percent of the total 562 catheter days were judged unnecessary. A major emphasis must be placed on prompt catheter removal if the prevalence of nosocomial urinary tract infections is to be reduced substantially in a cost-effective manner. [Infect Control 1981; 2(5):380-386.]
TL;DR: The change in the classification of this fish pathogen is based on differences between the classical V. anguillarum andV.
Abstract: Vibrio ordalii sp. nov. is the name proposed for the bacterium previously designated asV. anguillarum biotype 2. The change in the classification of this fish pathogen is based on differences between the classicalV. anguillarum andV. ordalii in cultural and biochemical characteristics, and in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence relatedness. Phenotypically,V. ordalii was distinguishable fromV. anguillarum based on: negative Voges-Proskauer reaction; negative reaction with arginine in Moeller's medium; negative Simmons' and Christensen's citrate test; negative ONPG test; failure to hydrolyze starch; failure to show lipase activity; inability to grow at 37°C; and failure to ferment cellobiose, glycerol, sorbitol, and trehalose. Genotypically, strain ofV. ordalii formed a highly conserved DNA homology group which showed 83 to 100% within-group homology and only 58 to 69% relatedness toV. anguillarum. In contrast, theV. anguillarum strains tested showed greater than 70% withingroup homology and 53 to 67% relatedness toV. ordalii. NeitherV. ordalii norV. anguillarum were related toV. parahaemolyticus orV. alginolyticus. The proposed type strain (holotype) ofV. ordalii is ATCC 33509 (=DF3K=Dom F3 kid).
TL;DR: It is shown that these results, on a competition basis under physiological salt conditions, can account quantitatively for the autogenous regulation of the synthesis of gene 32 protein at the translational level.
TL;DR: A new noninvasive technique for the measurement of the gallbladder evacuation quantitatively, using a radioactive bile marker, which allows simultaneous imaging and quantitation, and it is highly reproducible, carrying an interobserver and reproducibility mean error of 5%.
TL;DR: The role of temperature, pH, and chlorine demand in the halogen treatment of drinking water to destroy cysts is pointed up and raises an epidemiological problem, namely: low water temperatures, where killing of Giardia requires relatively high chlorine concentrations and long contact times, are particularly conducive to the long-term survival ofGiardia cysts.
Abstract: The effect of chlorine concentration on Giardia lamblia cyst viability was tested under a variety of conditions. The ability of Giardia cysts to undergo excystation was used as the criterion of viability. The experimental variables employed included temperature (25, 15, and 5°C), pH (6, 7, and 8), chlorine-cyst contact time (10, 30, and 60 min), and chlorine concentration (1 to 8 mg/liter). In the pH range studied, cyst survival generally was observed to increase as buffer pH increased. Water temperature coupled with chlorination proved to be important in cyst survival. Results of these experiments at the three temperatures studied can be summarized as follows: at 25°C, exposure to 1.5 mg/liter for 10 min killed all cysts at pH 6, 7, and 8. At 15°C, 2.5 mg of chlorine per liter for 10 min killed all cysts at pH 6, but at pH 7 and 8 small numbers of cysts remained viable after 30 min but not after 60 min. At 5°C, 1 mg of chlorine per liter for 60 min failed to kill all the cysts at any pH tested. At this temperature, 2 mg of chlorine per liter killed all cysts after 60 min at pH 6 and 7, but not at pH 8. A chlorine concentration of 4 mg/liter killed all the cysts at all three pH values after 60 min, but not after 30 min. A chlorine concentration of 8 mg/liter killed all Giardia cysts at pH 6 and 7 after contact for 10 min, and at pH 8 after 30 min. This study points up the role of temperature, pH, and chlorine demand in the halogen treatment of drinking water to destroy cysts. It also raises an epidemiological problem, namely: low water temperatures, where killing of Giardia requires relatively high chlorine concentrations and long contact times, are (i) to be expected in many areas where epidemic waterborne giardiasis has been reported and (ii) particularly conducive to the long-term survival of Giardia cysts.
TL;DR: Dramatic improvements in late results will occur primarily by modifying the cardiac-related death rate through earlier operation and improvements in the medical management of postoperative arrhythmias and congestive heart failure.
TL;DR: In this article, the dispersion curve for elementary excitations in He II at low temperatures and at the vapor pressure is evaluated using inelastic neutron scattering data, and it is shown that this dispersion is consistent with recent specific heat measurements of high resolution.
Abstract: The dispersion curve for elementary excitations in He II at low temperatures and at the vapor pressure is evaluated using inelastic neutron scattering data. It is found that this dispersion curve is consistent with recent specific heat measurements of high resolution. We represent the dispersion curve by means of cubic splines, and emphasize the need for further neutron scattering studies at low momentum transfer.
TL;DR: While disease‐free interval appeared to be improved in the 25% of patients onDTIC therapy who developed thrombocytopenia, the overall effect of postoperative DTIC therapy was apparently not beneficial (P < 0.05).
Abstract: A prospectively randomized study of postoperative chemotherapy with dimethyl triazeno imidazole carboxamide (DTIC) was conducted by the Central Oncology Group from 1972 until 1976. Of 174 patients operated upon for melanoma and entered into the study, 87 were randomly selected to receive DTIC, four courses in 12 months, at 4.5 mg/kg/d x 10. One-hundred-sixty-five (95%) of the cases were evaluable, including 40 high risk Stage I, 96 Stage II, and 29 Stage III cases. At a median follow-up period of 2.5 years, the control group had a better median disease-free interval (40 weeks vs. 73 weeks), median survival time (103 weeks vs. 133 weeks), and percentage of patients living free of disease (28% vs. 44%) than the DTIC-treated group. While disease-free interval appeared to be improved in the 25% of patients on DTIC therapy who developed thrombocytopenia, the overall effect of postoperative DTIC therapy was apparently not beneficial (P less than 0.05).