Institution
University of Pennsylvania
Education•Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States•
About: University of Pennsylvania is a education organization based out in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 109318 authors who have published 257688 publications receiving 14150562 citations. The organization is also known as: UPenn & Penn.
Topics: Population, Medicine, Health care, Cancer, Poison control
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a theoretical study of soliton formation in long-chain polyenes, including the energy of formation, length, mass, and activation energy for motion.
Abstract: We present a theoretical study of soliton formation in long-chain polyenes, including the energy of formation, length, mass, and activation energy for motion. The results provide an explanation of the mobile neutral defect observed in undoped ${(\mathrm{CH})}_{x}$. Since the soliton formation energy is less than that needed to create band excitation, solitons play a fundamental role in the charge-transfer doping mechanism.
4,562 citations
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TL;DR: It is shown that adipocytes secrete a unique signalling molecule, which is named resistin (for resistance to insulin), which circulating resistin levels are decreased by the anti-diabetic drug rosiglitazone, and increased in diet-induced and genetic forms of obesity.
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that leads to complications including heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, blindness and nerve damage. Type 2 diabetes, characterized by target-tissue resistance to insulin, is epidemic in industrialized societies and is strongly associated with obesity; however, the mechanism by which increased adiposity causes insulin resistance is unclear. Here we show that adipocytes secrete a unique signalling molecule, which we have named resistin (for resistance to insulin). Circulating resistin levels are decreased by the anti-diabetic drug rosiglitazone, and increased in diet-induced and genetic forms of obesity. Administration of anti-resistin antibody improves blood sugar and insulin action in mice with diet-induced obesity. Moreover, treatment of normal mice with recombinant resistin impairs glucose tolerance and insulin action. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by adipocytes is enhanced by neutralization of resistin and is reduced by resistin treatment. Resistin is thus a hormone that potentially links obesity to diabetes.
4,557 citations
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01 Jan 2005TL;DR: This paper proposed quantitative definitions of weak instruments based on the maximum IV estimator bias, or the maximum Wald test size distortion, when there are multiple endogenous regressors, and tabulated critical values that enable using the first-stage F-statistic (or, for instance, the Cragg-Donald (1993) statistic) to test whether give n instruments are weak.
Abstract: Weak instruments can produce biased IV estimators and hypothesis tests with large size distortions. But what, precisely , are weak instruments, and how does one detect them in practice? This paper proposes quantitative definitions of weak instruments based on the maximum IV estimator bias, or the maximum Wald test size distortion, when there are multiple endogenous regressors. We tabulate critical values that enable using the first-stage F-statistic (or, when there are multiple endogenous regressors, the Cragg-Donald (1993) statistic) to test whether give n instruments are weak.
4,545 citations
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TL;DR: In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) as mentioned in this paper, the authors estimated the quantities for acute and chronic diseases and injuries for 188 countries between 1990 and 2013.
4,510 citations
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TL;DR: Grit demonstrated incremental predictive validity of success measures over and beyond IQ and conscientiousness, suggesting that the achievement of difficult goals entails not only talent but also the sustained and focused application of talent over time.
Abstract: The importance of intellectual talent to achievement in all professional domains is well established, but less is known about other individual differences that predict success. The authors tested the importance of 1 noncognitive trait: grit. Defined as perseverance and passion for long-term goals, grit accounted for an average of 4% of the variance in success outcomes, including educational attainment among 2 samples of adults (N=1,545 and N=690), grade point average among Ivy League undergraduates (N=138), retention in 2 classes of United States Military Academy, West Point, cadets (N=1,218 and N=1,308), and ranking in the National Spelling Bee (N=175). Grit did not relate positively to IQ but was highly correlated with Big Five Conscientiousness. Grit nonetheless demonstrated incremental predictive validity of success measures over and beyond IQ and conscientiousness. Collectively, these findings suggest that the achievement of difficult goals entails not only talent but also the sustained and focused application of talent over time.
4,470 citations
Authors
Showing all 110309 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
JoAnn E. Manson | 270 | 1819 | 258509 |
Bert Vogelstein | 247 | 757 | 332094 |
Donald P. Schneider | 242 | 1622 | 263641 |
Richard A. Flavell | 231 | 1328 | 205119 |
Eugene Braunwald | 230 | 1711 | 264576 |
John Q. Trojanowski | 226 | 1467 | 213948 |
Younan Xia | 216 | 943 | 175757 |
David J. Hunter | 213 | 1836 | 207050 |
Peter Libby | 211 | 932 | 182724 |
Rob Knight | 201 | 1061 | 253207 |
Carlo M. Croce | 198 | 1135 | 189007 |
Francis S. Collins | 196 | 743 | 250787 |
Robert M. Califf | 196 | 1561 | 167961 |
Craig B. Thompson | 195 | 557 | 173172 |
Virginia M.-Y. Lee | 194 | 993 | 148820 |