University of the Philippines

About: University of the Philippines is a education organization based out in Quezon City, Philippines. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 4589 authors who have published 4437 publications receiving 114846 citations. The organization is also known as: UP.

Bioavailability and tissue distribution of amino acid-chelated trace elements in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Abstract: Feeding trials were conducted to determine the availability of amino acid-chelated trace elements to rainbow trout Three practical diets were supplemented with trace element mix either all from sulfates (Tr-Sf), Zn and Mn from sulfates added with Cu from amino acid chelates (Cu-Am) or a mixture of trace elements from amino acid chelates (Tr-Am) Rainbow trout weighing 111 g were fed the experimental diets for 15 weeks Growth, feed gain ratio (FGR), tissue distribution, retention of the elements and plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were compared between the treatments Absorption of the elements was determined using larger fish of approximately 95 g fed the same experimental diets Growth and FGR were not significantly influenced by the chemical form of the elements The highest concentration of Cu was measured in the liver, whereas highest concentrations of Zn and Mn were in bone Plasma ALP activity was significantly higher in the Tr-Am group The absorption of elements from the Tr-Am diet was higher but not significantly different from the other two diets These results suggest that trace elements from Tr-Am seem to be more available than from inorganic sources tested

Lycopene epoxides and apo-lycopenals formed by chemical reactions and autoxidation in model systems and processed foods.

Abstract: To gain a better understanding of the reactions and the underlying mechanisms of the oxidative degradation of lycopene, the products formed by epoxidation with m-chloroperbenzoic acid (MCPBA), oxidative cleavage with KMnO(4), and autoxidation in low-moisture and aqueous model systems, under light exposure, at ambient temperature were identified. The presence of oxidation products was also verified in processed products (tomato juice, tomato paste, tomato puree, guava juice, "goiabada"). A total of 8 lycopene epoxides and a cyclolycopene diol were formed by the reaction of lycopene with MCPBA and 6 apo-lycopenals were produced with KMnO(4). Some of these oxidation products were not detected in the model systems and in the foods analyzed, but the acid-catalyzed rearrangement product 2,6-cyclolycopene-1,5-diol and apo-12'-lycopenal were found in all model and food systems and lycopene-1,2-epoxide and 2,6-cyclolycopene-1,5-epoxide were found in the model systems and in all but 1 ("goiabada") of the 5 foods analyzed. Other epoxides and apo-lycopenals were found in some systems. The inability to detect an intermediate product could be due to a fast turn over. Increased Z-isomerization was also observed and Z-isomers of the oxidation products were detected.

Oligosaccharides in several Philippine indigenous food legumes: Determination, localization and removal

Abstract: The oligosaccharide profile of raw mature seeds of seven different legumes indigenous to the Philippines was measured in 70% ethanol extracts of the seeds by thin layer chromatography using HPTLC plates and quantified by a densitometer. Based on the results, the legumes could be ranked according to decreasing oligosaccharide content or flatulence potential as follows: Sam-samping (Clitoria ternatea) greater than hyacinth bean (Dolichos lablab) greater than sabawel (Mucuna pruriens) greater than lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) greater than swordbean (Canavalia gladiata) greater than rice bean (Vigna umbellata) greater than jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). Sam-samping had 4.79% total oligosaccharides and hyacinth bean or batao, 3.66%. A jack bean accession had 1.79% oligosaccharides. Simple processing methods were tested to detoxify the oligosaccharides. Soaking the batao seeds had no effect while boiling even resulted in a net 23-31% increase in the levels of raffinose, stachyose and verbascose. On the other hand, two min of dry roasting resulted in complete removal of oligosaccharides whereas germination resulted in about 30-40% decrease after 1 and 2 days, respectively.

Management of Type 2 Diabetes in Developing Countries: Balancing Optimal Glycaemic Control and Outcomes with Affordability and Accessibility to Treatment

Abstract: With the growing prevalence of type 2 diabetes, particularly in emerging countries, its management in the context of available resources should be considered. International guidelines, while comprehensive and scientifically valid, may not be appropriate for regions such as Asia, Latin America or Africa, where epidemiology, patient phenotypes, cultural conditions and socioeconomic status are different from America and Europe. Although glycaemic control and reduction of micro- and macrovascular outcomes remain essential aspects of treatment, access and cost are major limiting factors; therefore, a pragmatic approach is required in restricted-resource settings. Newer agents, such as sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in particular, are relatively expensive, with limited availability despite potentially being valuable for patients with insulin resistance and cardiovascular complications. This review makes a case for the role of more accessible second-line treatments with long-established efficacy and affordability, such as sulfonylureas, in the management of type 2 diabetes, particularly in developing or restricted-resource countries.