Institution
University of the Philippines
Education•Quezon City, Philippines•
About: University of the Philippines is a education organization based out in Quezon City, Philippines. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Health care. The organization has 4589 authors who have published 4437 publications receiving 114846 citations. The organization is also known as: UP.
Topics: Population, Health care, Medicine, Adsorption, Public health
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
More filters
••
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider the role of the ELT textbook in terms of its normal day-to-day use in teaching and learning English, and then consider its role in the process of change.
Abstract: Why does there appear to be apathy and even hostility to the ELT textbook in the literature? Why does it survive and prosper apparently in contradiction to the development of ideas in applied linguistics? In this paper, we first consider the role of the textbook in terms of its normal dayto-day use in teaching and learning English, and then consider its role in the process of change. We refer to data from a study carried out in the Philippines into the introduction of an ESP textbook. In the light of our analysis, we challenge some of the assumptions that underlie the antitextbook view. We argue that the textbook has a vital and positive part to play in the everyday job of teaching and learning English, and that the importance of the textbook becomes even greater in periods of change. Finally, we considerthe implications of a more informed and positive view of the role of the textbook, emphasizing, in particular, the need to see textbook creation and teacher education as complementary and mutually beneficial aspects of professional development.
528 citations
••
Inova Health System1, University of the Philippines2, New York University3, University of Turin4, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research5, Saga University6, The Chinese University of Hong Kong7, University of Geneva8, Marmara University9, University of Sydney10, Stanford University11, Alameda Health System12
TL;DR: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the most rapidly growing cause of HCC among US patients listed for liver transplantation, and the increasing trend was steeper than that for any other etiology.
510 citations
••
University of New Mexico1, Royal Children's Hospital2, Queen Mary University of London3, University of Helsinki4, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul5, Mexican Social Security Institute6, National Taiwan University7, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust8, State University of Campinas9, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research10, Chulalongkorn University11, University of the Philippines12, University of Alberta13, University of Manitoba14, University of Würzburg15, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven16, Dartmouth College17, University of Alabama at Birmingham18, GlaxoSmithKline19, University of Tampere20
TL;DR: Data from the end-of-study analysis of PATRICIA show cross-protective efficacy of the HPV-16/18 vaccine against four oncogenic non-vaccine HPV types-HPV-33, HPV-31, HPV -45, and HPV-51-in different trial cohorts representing diverse groups of women.
Abstract: Summary Background We evaluated the efficacy of the human papillomavirus HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine against non-vaccine oncogenic HPV types in the end-of-study analysis after 4 years of follow-up in PATRICIA (PApilloma TRIal against Cancer In young Adults) Methods Healthy women aged 15–25 years with no more than six lifetime sexual partners were included in PATRICIA irrespective of their baseline HPV DNA status, HPV-16 or HPV-18 serostatus, or cytology Women were randomly assigned (1:1) to HPV-16/18 vaccine or a control hepatitis A vaccine, via an internet-based central randomisation system using a minimisation algorithm to account for age ranges and study sites The study was double-blind The primary endpoint of PATRICIA has been reported previously; the present analysis evaluates cross-protective vaccine efficacy against non-vaccine oncogenic HPV types in the end-of-study analysis Analyses were done for three cohorts: the according-to-protocol cohort for efficacy (ATP-E; vaccine n=8067, control n=8047), total vaccinated HPV-naive cohort (TVC-naive; no evidence of infection with 14 oncogenic HPV types at baseline, approximating young adolescents before sexual debut; vaccine n=5824, control n=5820), and the total vaccinated cohort (TVC; all women who received at least one vaccine dose, approximating catch-up populations that include sexually active women; vaccine n=9319, control=9325) Vaccine efficacy was evaluated against 6-month persistent infection, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or greater (CIN2+) associated with 12 non-vaccine HPV types (individually or as composite endpoints), and CIN3+ associated with the composite of 12 non-vaccine HPV types This study is registered with ClinicalTrialsgov, number NCT00122681 Findings Consistent vaccine efficacy against persistent infection and CIN2+ (with or without HPV-16/18 co-infection) was seen across cohorts for HPV-33, HPV-31, HPV-45, and HPV-51 In the most conservative analysis of vaccine efficacy against CIN2+, where all cases co-infected with HPV-16/18 were removed, vaccine efficacy was noted for HPV-33 in all cohorts, and for HPV-31 in the ATP-E and TVC-naive Vaccine efficacy against CIN2+ associated with the composite of 12 non-vaccine HPV types (31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68), with or without HPV-16/18 co-infection, was 46·8% (95% CI 30·7–59·4) in the ATP-E, 56·2% (37·2–69·9) in the TVC-naive, and 34·2% (20·4–45·8) in the TVC Corresponding values for CIN3+ were 73·8% (48·3–87·9), 91·4% (65·0–99·0), and 47·5% (22·8–64·8) Interpretation Data from the end-of-study analysis of PATRICIA show cross-protective efficacy of the HPV-16/18 vaccine against four oncogenic non-vaccine HPV types—HPV-33, HPV-31, HPV-45, and HPV-51—in different trial cohorts representing diverse groups of women Funding GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals
488 citations
••
TL;DR: Probiotics appear to be safe and have clear beneficial effects in shortening the duration and reducing stool frequency in acute infectious diarrhoea and more research is needed to guide the use of particular probiotic regimens in specific patient groups.
Abstract: Background
Probiotics may be effective in reducing the duration of acute infectious diarrhoea.
Objectives
To assess the effects of probiotics in proven or presumed acute infectious diarrhoea.
Search methods
We searched the trials register of the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group, MEDLINE, and Embase from inception to 17 December 2019, as well as the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (Issue 12, 2019), in the Cochrane Library, and reference lists from studies and reviews. We included additional studies identified during external review.
Selection criteria
Randomized controlled trials comparing a specified probiotic agent with a placebo or no probiotic in people with acute diarrhoea that is proven or presumed to be caused by an infectious agent.
Data collection and analysis
Two review authors independently applied inclusion criteria, assessed risk of bias, and extracted data. Primary outcomes were measures of diarrhoea duration (diarrhoea lasting ≥ 48 hours; duration of diarrhoea). Secondary outcomes were number of people hospitalized in community studies, duration of hospitalization in inpatient studies, diarrhoea lasting ≥ 14 days, and adverse events.
Main results
We included 82 studies with a total of 12,127 participants. These studies included 11,526 children (age < 18 years) and 412 adults (three studies recruited 189 adults and children but did not specify numbers in each age group). No cluster‐randomized trials were included. Studies varied in the definitions used for "acute diarrhoea" and "end of the diarrhoeal illness" and in the probiotic(s) tested. A total of 53 trials were undertaken in countries where both child and adult mortality was low or very low, and 26 where either child or adult mortality was high.
Risk of bias was high or unclear in many studies, and there was marked statistical heterogeneity when findings for the primary outcomes were pooled in meta‐analysis. Effect size was similar in the sensitivity analysis and marked heterogeneity persisted. Publication bias was demonstrated from funnel plots for the main outcomes.
In our main analysis of the primary outcomes in studies at low risk for all indices of risk of bias, no difference was detected between probiotic and control groups for the risk of diarrhoea lasting ≥ 48 hours (risk ratio (RR) 1.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91 to 1.09; 2 trials, 1770 participants; moderate‐certainty evidence); or for duration of diarrhoea (mean difference (MD) 8.64 hours shorter, 95% CI 29.4 hours shorter to 12.1 hours longer; 6 trials, 3058 participants; very low‐certainty evidence).
Effect size was similar and marked heterogeneity persisted in pre‐specified subgroup analyses of the primary outcomes that included all studies. These included analyses limited to the probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces boulardii. In six trials (433 participants) of Lactobacillus reuteri, there was consistency amongst findings (I² = 0%), but risk of bias was present in all included studies. Heterogeneity also was not explained by types of participants (age, nutritional/socioeconomic status captured by mortality stratum, region of the world where studies were undertaken), diarrhoea in children caused by rotavirus, exposure to antibiotics, and the few studies of children who were also treated with zinc. In addition, there were no clear differences in effect size for the primary outcomes in post hoc analyses according to decade of publication of studies and whether or not trials had been registered.
For other outcomes, the duration of hospitalization in inpatient studies on average was shorter in probiotic groups than in control groups but there was marked heterogeneity between studies (I² = 96%; MD ‐18.03 hours, 95% CI ‐27.28 to ‐8.78, random‐effects model: 24 trials, 4056 participants). No differences were detected between probiotic and control groups in the number of people with diarrhoea lasting ≥ 14 days (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.16 to 1.53; 9 studies, 2928 participants) or in risk of hospitalization in community studies (RR 1.26, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.89; 6 studies, 2283 participants).
No serious adverse events were attributed to probiotics.
Authors' conclusions
Probiotics probably make little or no difference to the number of people who have diarrhoea lasting 48 hours or longer, and we are uncertain whether probiotics reduce the duration of diarrhoea. This analysis is based on large trials with low risk of bias.
467 citations
••
University of Auckland1, Uppsala University2, GlaxoSmithKline3, Stanford University4, French Institute of Health and Medical Research5, Imperial College London6, University of Paris7, University of Parma8, University of Alberta9, University of São Paulo10, Peking University11, National Taiwan University12, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile13, Milpark Hospital14, University of Amsterdam15, University of Ioannina16, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital17, University of East Anglia18, Duke University19, University of Buenos Aires20, New York University21, Seoul National University22, University of Ulm23, Charles University in Prague24, Population Health Research Institute25, Autonomous University of Madrid26, University of Pennsylvania27, St. John's University28, University of Oslo29, St George's Hospital30, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven31, Mahidol University32, University of the Philippines33, University of Hong Kong34, Henry Ford Health System35, Tallinn University of Technology36, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy37, Fudan University38, Harvard University39
TL;DR: In patients with stable coronary heart disease, darapladib did not significantly reduce the risk of the primary composite end point of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke.
Abstract: Background Elevated lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity promotes the development of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, and elevated plasma levels of this enzyme are associated with an increased risk of coronary events. Darapladib is a selective oral inhibitor of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2. Methods In a double-blind trial, we randomly assigned 15,828 patients with stable coronary heart disease to receive either once-daily darapladib (at a dose of 160 mg) or placebo. The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Secondary end points included the components of the primary end point as well as major coronary events (death from coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, or urgent coronary revascularization for myocardial ischemia) and total coronary events (death from coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, hospitalization for unstable angina, or any coronary revascularization). Results During a median follow-up period of 3.7 years, the primary end point occurred in 769 of 7924 patients (9.7%) in the darapladib group and 819 of 7904 patients (10.4%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio in the darapladib group, 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85 to 1.03; P=0.20). There were also no significant between-group differences in the rates of the individual components of the primary end point or in all-cause mortality. Darapladib, as compared with placebo, reduced the rate of major coronary events (9.3% vs. 10.3%; hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.00; P=0.045) and total coronary events (14.6% vs. 16.1%; hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.84 to 0.98; P=0.02). Conclusions In patients with stable coronary heart disease, darapladib did not significantly reduce the risk of the primary composite end point of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. (Funded by GlaxoSmithKline; STABILITY ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00799903.).
456 citations
Authors
Showing all 4621 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Barry M. Popkin | 157 | 751 | 90453 |
Aldo P. Maggioni | 134 | 940 | 90242 |
Michael H. Weisman | 92 | 460 | 39567 |
Johan Ärnlöv | 91 | 386 | 90490 |
Sheila K. West | 89 | 499 | 33719 |
Young Ho Kim | 82 | 2528 | 47681 |
Min Gu | 78 | 729 | 22238 |
Mary L. Marazita | 77 | 436 | 21909 |
Kathleen J. Green | 74 | 193 | 14752 |
Agnes R. Quisumbing | 72 | 311 | 18433 |
Thomas M. Brooks | 71 | 215 | 33724 |
Rigoberto C. Advincula | 65 | 409 | 13632 |
Carl Abelardo T. Antonio | 60 | 106 | 66867 |
Rai S. Kookana | 60 | 281 | 14520 |
J. Kevin Baird | 56 | 185 | 12363 |