Showing papers in "Applied Radiation and Isotopes in 2008"

TL;DR: The results suggest that sorption process of Th(IV) on diatomite is spontaneous and endothermic and independent of ionic strength at pH>3.

TL;DR: Results indicate that the PAGAT polymer gel formulation is more radiological water equivalent than the PRESAGE formulation, however, the PRESage dosimeter offers some advantages in terms of ease of use and its lack of water equivalence may be overcome with dosimetric correction factors.

TL;DR: Recently, the deposition rates have been boosted by the resuspension of radionuclides in deposited particles, the (239,240)Pu content of which may originate from dusts from the East Asian continent deserts and arid areas.

TL;DR: This study has investigated the relationship between linear attenuation coefficients (mu) and Hounsfield units (HUs) for six materials covering the range of values found clinically, and found these relationships can be used to convert computed tomography images to mu-maps for single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) attenuation correction.

TL;DR: The work of the International Atomic Energy Agency's EMRAS Biota Working Group is presented which compares the predictions of a number of such models in model-model and model-data inter-comparisons.

TL;DR: A new detection system named "KATERINA" is developed and applied for measuring marine radioactivity using NaI(Tl) as a crystal for qualitative and quantitative radionuclide detection in the marine environment.

TL;DR: It is observed that the radon exhalation rate from fly ash samples from Kolaghat is higher than from coal samples and activity concentration of radionuclides in fly ash is enhanced after the combustion of coal.

TL;DR: In an intercomparison exercise, the Monte Carlo codes most commonly used in gamma-ray spectrometry today were compared with each other in order to gauge the differences between them in terms of typical applications.

TL;DR: Recent developments and applications of dual-beam radiography for air cargo inspection include dual high-energy X-ray techniques as well as fast neutron and gamma-ray radiography systems, which offer the potential to discriminate between various classes of organic material.

TL;DR: Evaluated peat accumulation rates of two minerotrophic peatlands located in the La Grande Rivière hydrological watershed, in the James Bay region (Canada) are evaluated to see if (210)Pb and (137)Cs dating techniques can be applied to build accurate chronologies in these environments and to detect changes in the peat collection rates in regard to this amplification of humidity.

TL;DR: The study reveals that (177)Lu-EDTMP has marginally higher skeletal accumulation in comparison to that of (177), while the latter has slightly faster blood clearance along with lower retention in liver and kidneys in animal models.

TL;DR: The variations in radon concentrations in soil-gas are found to be correlated with seismic activities in the Garhwal Himalaya, and the correlation between radon level and meteorological parameters is discussed.

TL;DR: A simple analytical method using sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) combined with two-stage chromatographic separation and purification of Pu was developed based on the optimization and adaptation of the previously published method for marine samples with an emphasis on the study of the elimination of interferences for the analysis of freshwater lake sediments.

TL;DR: The PILATUS 100K pixel detector application for medical imaging is reported on and the results obtained are compared to results obtained with a conventional X-ray imaging system consisting of anX-ray scintillation screen, lens optics, and a charge coupled device.

TL;DR: It is shown that gamma-spectrometry is a valid alternative to time-consuming alpha-Spectrometry for the determination of natural uranium and thorium activity in soil and a powerful tool for comparing the results obtained with two different methods.

TL;DR: In this article, a simple practical correction for the photo-peak efficiency due to discrepancies in both the samples' matrices and densities (self-attenuation) is performed.

TL;DR: The ability to selectively hit the tumour cells is an essential characteristic of an anti-tumour therapy and in boron neutron capture therapy this characteristic is based on the selective uptake of (10)B in the tumours with respect to normal tissues.

TL;DR: The mobility coefficient has been estimated for (238)U, (226)Ra, (232)Th and (228)Ra in Guarani aquifer and the results indicated that the radioelement solubility in the studied system varies according to the following order: radium>uranium>thorium.

TL;DR: The magnitude of these results demonstrates the need of screening oil residues for their radionuclide content in order to decide about their final disposal.

TL;DR: A robust and straightforward method for on-site determination ofRadon-222 activity concentrations in water is presented, based on the principle of liquid-gas-membrane extraction, which is in particular advantageous for measurements of radon-in-water in the field or on research cruises.

TL;DR: Apoptosis can be quantified using (99m)Tc EC-annexin V and higher values of T/N ratios are associated with patient after treatment.

TL;DR: The experimental excitation function for the (232)Th(p,3n)(230)Pa reaction up to 34 MeV proton energy has been measured using the stacked-foil technique and is in good agreement with selected literature values and with model calculations using the EMPIRE II code.

TL;DR: The uranium and ground water levels in the ground water sources in the vicinity of the tailings pond are very similar to the regional average, indicating that there is no ground water migration of radioactive material from the tailing pond.

TL;DR: It was observed that gamma-ray transmission method for determination of the soil parameters has advantages such as practical, inexpensive, non-destructive and fast analysis.

TL;DR: A new Certified Reference Material (CRM) for radionuclides in sediment (IAEA-385) is described and the results of the certification process are presented.

TL;DR: The metallic radionuclide (86)Y was produced by irradiation of enriched (85)SrCO(3) on a low-energy proton-only cyclotron on a water-cooled target mounting with circulating chilled helium with overall efficiency >90%.

TL;DR: Within the EURopean Illicit TRAfficking Countermeasures Kit (EURITRACK) project, the gamma-ray spectra produced in a series of materials by 14-MeV tagged-neutron beams have been collected in the inspection portal equipped with large volume NaI(Tl) detectors, to build a database of signatures for various elements.

TL;DR: Several trip-wire detection algorithms for gamma-ray spectrometers are explored and it is found that the best-performing algorithms focus on the spectral shape over several energy bins using spectral comparison ratios and dynamically predict background with the Kalman Filter.

TL;DR: The development of analytical procedures for the measurement of ultra-low levels of (236)U in marine samples using high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICPMS) and accelerator mass spectromaetry (AMS) techniques are discussed and results are presented.

TL;DR: It is concluded that superficially contaminated tephra can be washed in diluted HF to remove contaminations without influencing the chemical fingerprint.