Showing papers in "Brain and Cognition in 2020"

TL;DR: It is argued that the evolution of human beliefs is related to the phylogenetic enlargement of the brain including the parietal and medial frontal cortex in humans.

TL;DR: The present overview shows that ERP constitute a reliable methodological tool for tracing with precision the time course of different executive processes and sub-processes involved in experimental tasks involving a cognitive conflict.

TL;DR: A new perspective on reward learning model of addiction based on predictive processing andodied feelings that track rate of error reduction weigh precision of predictions are presented.

TL;DR: It is suggested that expert teachers collaborate better with students than novice teachers, and IBS might be the neural marker for this difference.

TL;DR: Both groups showed enhanced stimulus-brain coherence for regular compared to irregular rhythms at the frequencies of interest, with an overrepresentation of the beat-level in the brain compared to the acoustic signal.

TL;DR: It is shown that the same sudden environmental change can lead to differing arousal levels depending on contextual factors, providing evidence for a sensitivity of the pupil dilation response to long-term context.

TL;DR: Personalized risk factors that may be used to tailor the clinical management of executive deficits in carriers of the PM allele, particularly in midlife and early old age are identified.

TL;DR: Insight is offered on the involvement rTPJ in mental representation of faces and it is proposed that the neural substrate dedicated to mental representations of faces goes beyond the traditional visual and memory areas.

TL;DR: Results showed that children with stronger systemizing had significantly greater grey matter volume of the right superior temporal gyrus (rSTG) than the others, which contributes to elucidation of the underlying mechanisms of individual differences in cognitive style.

TL;DR: A Randomised controlled trial combining backward recall memory training and tDCS finds that tDCS over left DLPFC does not enhance training or transfer.

TL;DR: AE may temporarily enhance working memory, as reflected by decreases in response variability, which are accompanied by neuroelectric indices reflecting greater upregulation of attentional processes.

TL;DR: Preliminary findings indicate that beneficial effects of TM may be mediated by functional brain changes that take place after a short practice period of 3 months, possibly reflecting changes in interoceptive awareness.

TL;DR: Assessment of developmental change in children's resting-state electroencephalogram activity from 10 months to 4 years indicated that greater increases in frontal alpha power across the study period were associated with better IC, and indirectly with better performance on Woodcock-Johnson tests of reading and math achievement at age 6.

TL;DR: Interestingly, reward-triggered approach bias and alcohol consumption were reliably associated in the sham condition, but not in the tDCS condition, and the role of the prefrontal network may be significant.

TL;DR: FMRI investigation of functional connectivity differences between BT and FT found that FT seems to involve enhanced coupling between semantic and attentional mechanisms, suggesting that asymmetries in cross-language processing reflect dynamic interactions between linguistic and domain-general systems.

TL;DR: Positive correlations between REM arousal index and emotion dysregulation were found, whereas REM density negatively correlated with DERS, suggesting the presence of a relationship between REM sleep and emotional regulation in insomnia patients.

TL;DR: Both, gray and white matter changes correlated with measures of aggression, hostility, self esteem, and the degree of internet addiction are shown.

TL;DR: Results indicate that cross-cultural differences have to be taken into account when investigating the relationship between language and action and suggest concrete and abstract sentences should be considered together.

TL;DR: The findings indicate that a large-scale emotional brain network is affected in BPD with alterations in MD and FA of WM prefrontal-limbic pathways of the heteromodal association cortex involved in emotion processing and emotion regulation.

TL;DR: Results showed that the brain functional connectivity in the SM, CO, DM, and DA networks was significantly correlated to sleep quality, and increased functional connectivity between the SM and CO networks provides a neural basis for the association between psychological stress and poor sleep quality.

TL;DR: The work shows that infant language exposure is not indispensable for the recruitment of embodied mechanisms during language processing, a finding that carries non-trivial theoretical, pedagogical, and clinical implications for neurolinguistics and bilingualism research, in particular.

TL;DR: An ipsilateral decrease in the perception of thermal, pain-related and surface/mechanical SPS, as well as in the number of SPS-sensitive areas is found, aswell as a shift from the fingers towards the lower parts of the palm.

TL;DR: Computerized cognitive scores were significantly associated with quantified MRI and support the predictive validity of multi-domain computerized cognitive assessment for people with multiple sclerosis.

TL;DR: The interplay between bottom-up and top-down processes in explaining hemispheric asymmetries in response inhibition is highlighted, with greater right frontal activity associated with better response inhibition to positive than to negative faces; subjects with greater left frontal activity showed an opposite trend.

TL;DR: Overall, data are consistent with the view that the pN reflects a proactive cognitive control, including temporal orienting, as already shown for the contingent negative variation.

TL;DR: A structural connectivity analysis was performed to reveal the cortico-subcortical networks involved in language and motricity interactions and took place in parallel and distributed bilateral fronto-temporo-parietal networks rather than in a single and somatopically well defined organization as previously suggested.

TL;DR: Positive correlations between fixation time on print and linguistic skills and processing speed were found and suggest that joint storytelling with a parent promotes print awareness, an important factor in developing literacy and reading skills, and thus further emphasizes the importance of parent-child joint storytelling.

TL;DR: It is suggested that constraining a visual scene to its crucial parts triggers various processes related not only to the density of its information but also to its integration into a sequential context.

TL;DR: It is suggested that temporal attention boosts early effects of spatial and feature-based attention in visual selection through its role in anticipating the occurrence of a stimulus at a given time point.

TL;DR: The findings suggest a compensatory process of the response inhibition network in pre-HD; however, the pattern of fMRI activity was not in the manner expected by CRUNCH.