Showing papers in "Brain Research Bulletin in 2010"

TL;DR: The N MDAR complex represents a convergence point for potential new treatment approaches in schizophrenia aimed at correcting underlying abnormalities in synthesis and regulation of allosteric modulators, as well as more general potentiation of pre- and post-synaptic glutamatergic and NMDAR function.

TL;DR: The evidence suggests that expert meditators control cognitive engagement in conscious processing of sensory-related, thought and emotion contents, by massive self-regulation of fronto-parietal and insular areas in the left hemisphere, in a meditation state-dependent fashion.

TL;DR: Results suggest that a clinical trial of a putative neuroprotective agent could begin as much as 15 years prior to estimated motor diagnosis in a cohort of persons at risk for but not meeting clinical motor diagnostic criteria for Huntington disease, and that neuroimaging (striatal and white matter volumes) may be among the best predictors of diagnosis proximity.

TL;DR: The essential role of EGFR in inter-receptor cross-talk in response to wounding in corneal epithelium is discussed and a concept of "alarmins" to the field of wound healing research is brought forward.

TL;DR: A case is made for reasons that the NRG-ErbB signaling pathway constitutes a "biologically plausible" system for understanding the pathogenic mechanisms that may underlie the complex array of positive, negative and cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia during development.

TL;DR: The results indicate that sleep is involved in regulating emotional evaluation and the emotional labeling of neutral stimuli biased toward negative responses was not mediated by the increase of negative mood.

TL;DR: A semi-structured questionnaire for the introspective evaluation of inner experience of participants undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the resting state provides a robust and easy-to-implement tool for the exploration of mental activities during rest of healthy participants undergoing fMRI.

TL;DR: The underlying basis of corneal transparency and factors that compromise the integrity of the cornea are identified and the molecular mechanisms of both cornea avascularity and its dysfunction are explored.

TL;DR: The numerous in vivo and in vitro rodent models of glaucoma are examined, the methods used to generate them are discussed, some of the major findings obtained in these models are summarized, and individual strengths and weaknesses for the various systems are identified.

TL;DR: The merits and limitations of utilizing behavioral and electrophysiological endophenotypes of schizophrenia in mice are described and the viability and validity of using such measures regarding their potential clinical implications are addressed, and several practices are suggested that could increase the translatability of preclinical data.

TL;DR: Previous data are extended in support of the supramodal functional organization of hMT+ complex by showing that this cortical area processes motion-related information per se, that is, motion stimuli that are not visual in nature and that are administered to body structures that, in humans, are not primarily devoted to movement perception or spatial location, such as the tongue.

TL;DR: This review addresses the hypothesis that changes in lipid rafts induced by alterations in their ganglioside and/or cholesterol content or the interaction of mutant proteins with them provide the keys to understanding the onset of neurodegeneration that can lead to dementia.

TL;DR: It is found that met-carriage had an effect in reducing serum BDNF levels, regardless of gender and depression, and animal and human studies with a larger sample size should investigate whether BDNF val66met polymorphism could alter brain and serumBDNF levels.

TL;DR: The main aim of this review is to evaluate the proposal that several developmental disorders affecting vision share an impairment of the dorsal visual stream, and to propose ideas regarding future directions for the study of visual perception in children with developmental disorders using psychophysical measures.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that NMDA receptor could be a new pharmacological target for the treatment of depression is supported by the findings of the present study.

TL;DR: The data regarding naturally unfolded and misfolded proteins in eye tissues, their structure-function relationships, and molecular mechanisms underlying their involvement in diseases are presented.

TL;DR: Melatonin has a promising role as an analgesic drug that could be used for alleviating pain associated with cancer, headache or surgical procedures and the use of melatonin analogs like the MT(1)/MT(2) agonist ramelteon, which lacks free radical scavenging activity, could be useful to unravel the mechanism of action ofmelatonin in analgesia.

TL;DR: Interventions incorporating methods of music making may offer a promising approach for facilitating expressive language in otherwise nonverbal children with autism.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that morroniside could notably protect the brain from damage induced by focal cerebral ischemia which might be related to morronsiside antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties in the brain.

TL;DR: It is shown that human ocular surface epithelial cells respond to viral double-stranded RNA mimic polyI:C to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines through TLR3, while they fail to respond functionally to lipopolysaccharide, a TLR4 ligand, which indicates immune-competent cells can recognize microbial components through TLRs and induce the inflammation.

TL;DR: Interestingly, treatment with harmine reversed anhedonia, the increase of adrenal gland weight, normalized ACTH circulating levels and BDNF protein levels, which further support the hypothesis that harmine could be a new pharmacological tool for the treatment of depression.

TL;DR: The results show that VEGF and VEGFR2 are involved in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain and V EGF primarily potentiates pain responses mediated by P2X₂(/)₃ receptor on DRG neurons to inhibit the transmission of neuropathy pain signaling.

TL;DR: Results confirm the antidepressant effects of ketamine, also showing a pro-oxidant effect of this drug, and suggest that ketamine may be used for the treatment of major depression.

TL;DR: A novel approach to imaging the entire lamina cribrosa and the scleral canal at high lateral and axial resolution by using a combination of array tomography and nonlinear optical imaging of serial ultrathin orthogonal sections to detect second harmonic generated (SHG) signals from collagen is presented.

TL;DR: Pel administration has a dose-dependent neuroprotective effect against 6-OHDA toxicity, partly through attenuating oxidative stress, and the findings suggest that pelargonidin could provide benefits, along with other therapies, in neurodegenerative disorders including PD.

TL;DR: The study indicated that the synaptogenesis was connected with the development and maturation of neocortex, and synaptic specialization may be dependent on dendritic spine maturation and the expression of presynaptic vesicle components.

TL;DR: Re-evaluate the evidence for the role of neuregulin 1 (NRG1)-erbB4 signaling in schizophrenia by focusing on its interactions with other candidate susceptibility, pathways and considers molecular substrates upon which the NRG1-erbB 4 and other, candidate pathways converge contributing to susceptibility for the illness.

TL;DR: The results showed that in brain injured animals, chronic lithium treatment attenuated the loss of hemispheric tissue, cerebral edema and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β and suggested that chronic lithiumtreatment might be a helpful therapeutic strategy for brain injury with multiple beneficial effects.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that cortical neural synchronization at the basis of eyes-closed resting state EEG rhythms is enhanced in elite athletes than in control subjects is supported.

TL;DR: Exposure to relatively high intensity electromagnetic field may count as a mild stress situation and could be a factor in the development of depressive state or metabolic disturbances, although it is normally much smaller than in the present experiment.