Showing papers in "Canadian Journal of Cardiology in 2017"

TL;DR: Diabetes and hypertension as comorbidities are discussed and some vascular mechanisms that predispose to both conditions are highlighted, focusing on advanced glycation end products, oxidative stress, inflammation, the immune system, and microRNAs.

TL;DR: The Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines Committee and key Canadian opinion leaders believed there was a need for up to date guidelines that used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system of evidence assessment for patients who undergo noncardiac surgery.

TL;DR: The 2017 HF guidelines provide updated guidance on the diagnosis and management that should aid in day-to-day decisions for caring for patients with HF, with attention to strategies and treatments to prevent HF, to the organization of HF care, comorbidity management, as well as practical issues around the timing of referral and follow-up care.

TL;DR: The case shows a novel pacing strategy for patients with BBB that affects many patients with heart failure, and demonstrates the feasibility of pacing the left bundle branch (LBB) immediately beyond the conduction block to functionally restore the impaired His-Purkinje conduction system.

TL;DR: Hypertension Canada provides annually updated, evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis, assessment, prevention, and treatment of hypertension, including 10 new guidelines for individuals with non-AOBP readings ≥ 140 mm Hg.

TL;DR: The present update to the 2011 and 2013 Canadian Cardiovascular Society APT guidelines incorporates new evidence on how to optimize APT use, particularly in situations in which few to no data were previously available.

TL;DR: A double-blind superiority trial comparing rivaroxaban alone or in combination with aspirin, in the long-term management of patients with stable CAD or PAD, and on the efficacy and safety of pantoprazole in preventing upper GI complications in patients receiving antithrombotic therapy.

TL;DR: This review focuses on how micro RNAs can influence atherosclerosis biology, as well as the potential clinical applications of microRNAs, which are being developed as targets aswell as therapeutic agents for a growing industry hoping to harness the power of RNA-guided gene regulation to fight disease and infection.

TL;DR: The past, present, and future of metabolic modulators as an approach to optimizing myocardial energy substrate metabolism and treating ischemic heart disease and heart failure are discussed.

TL;DR: It is indicated that increased levels of circulating ox-LDL are associated with clinical ASCVD events, and well designed community-based cohort studies or intervention studies are needed to confirm the findings.

TL;DR: The role of macrophage apoptosis and clearance of apoptotic cells by efferocytosis in the development of atherosclerosis is discussed, with particular emphasis on their contribution to theDevelopment of the necrotic core and the clinical implications of this process for plaque stabilization.

TL;DR: The understanding of these changes in cardiac energy metabolism in heart failure are essential to allow the development of metabolic modulators in the treatment of heart failure.

TL;DR: Comparing and contrast the current recommendations, and highlighting the important differences, in the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/Heart Rhythm Society, European Society of cardiology, and Canadian Cardiovascular Society atrial fibrillation (AF) guidelines are compared.

TL;DR: It is argued that the term "noncompaction cardiomyopathy" is misleading, because there is neither failure of compaction nor aCardiomyopathic process in most individuals that fulfill widely used diagnostic criteria.

TL;DR: This document, in combination with the companion article that addresses the implementation of these guidelines, is expected to assist all medical professionals with the care of patients who have had or at risk of sudden cardiac death.

TL;DR: Current evidence suggests that FET surgery is associated with lower mortality in patients with thoracic aneurysmal disease and dissections, without a significant increase in stroke, bleeding, or operative times, however, the risk of spinal cord ischemia is increased in patients who undergo FET.

TL;DR: Solid randomized clinical trials are required to identify preventative strategies to reduce the risk of CI-AKI and its complications in stable patients who receive small to moderate amounts of contrast media.

TL;DR: Variations in genes involved in apolipoprotein E production, the Wnt signalling pathway, and histone modification, as well as in the 1q21.1, 16p13.1-11, and 8p23.1 genetic loci, have been associated with CHD and NDDs and are important targets for future research.

TL;DR: A cumulative benefit of all randomized clinical trials that assessed the benefit of HFC is shown, with additional analysis showing a greater benefit among patients with recent emergency room visit or hospitalization, and patients seen frequently in follow-up ≥ 3 months.

TL;DR: Low skeletal muscle density, but not skeletal muscle area, predicted poorer muscle function and mortality in patients who undergo cardiac surgery.

TL;DR: Observational studies suggest that warfarin was not associated with a clear benefit or harm among patients who have atrial fibrillation and receive dialysis, and well designed clinical trials of warFarin and other anticoagulants are urgently needed.

TL;DR: The clinical epidemiology linking BD and CVD, and the previously reviewed biological processes that might be contributory, are summarized and a hypothesis that microvascular phenotypes might explain in part the "extra" risk of CVD that is not explained by traditional CVRFs is elaborate.

TL;DR: In this routine-care setting, rivaroxaban and apixaban plasma concentrations tended to be more variable than those observed in clinical trials, which may enable a more precise DOAC dosing regimen for the individual patient.

TL;DR: Frailty is associated with a marked increase in hospitalization costs after cardiac surgery, an effect that persists after adjusting for age, sex, surgery type, and surgical risk score.

TL;DR: Three published models were identified that produced generalizable risk estimates for predicting CI-AKI and dialysis and further research is needed to evaluate the effect of their implementation in clinical care.

TL;DR: Recent advances in the use of the ECG to diagnose coronary occlusion MIs are considered, including the application of rules that allow MI to be diagnosed on the basis of atypical ECG manifestations.

TL;DR: There are substantial sex-specific differences in the management of AF, with women being significantly less likely to receive therapeutic anticoagulation, attempts at rhythm control, or undergo invasive cardiovascular procedures.

TL;DR: A systematic review of the literature identified 106 articles that investigated the presence of LAA thrombi in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) patients as mentioned in this paper, and classified the articles according to topic and reported on: (1) risk factors; (2) diagnostic imaging modalities; (3) prevention strategies before cardioversion; (4) prevention strategy before AF ablation; and (5) management of detected LAA Thrombi.

TL;DR: How dysregulation of autophagy leads to cell death in models of metabolic disease and its contributing factors is explored-including nutrient state, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, insulin inefficiency, and oxidative stress-and some recent efforts to restore normal Autophagy in pathophysiological states are outlined.

TL;DR: Considering the strong and independent association between AF and neurocognitive outcomes and the major clinical implications, evidence-based preventive approaches are critically required to diminish the health burden from the scourge of dementia and related conditions.