Showing papers in "Chest in 2010"

TL;DR: In this article, a simple stroke risk stratifi cation schema, based on a risk factor approach, provides some improvement in predictive value for TE over the CHADS 2 schema, with low event rates in low-risk subjects and only a small proportion of subjects into the intermediate-risk category.

TL;DR: This simple, novel bleeding risk score (HAS-BLED) provides a practical tool to assess the individual bleeding risk of real-world patients withAF, potentially supporting clinical decision making regarding antithrombotic therapy in patients with AF.

TL;DR: Compared with patients meeting the traditional hemodynamic definition of PAH, patients with a PCWP of 16 to 18 mm Hg were older, more obese, had a lower 6-min walk distance, and had a higher incidence of systemic hypertension, sleep apnea, renal insufficiency, and diabetes.

TL;DR: This review seeks to explore recent developments in understanding the interactions between body weight and OSA and suggests that weight loss might be a cornerstone of the treatment of both conditions.

TL;DR: Fragmentation of sleep across all stages is associated with a decrease in S(I) and S(G), and increases in sympathetic nervous system and adrenocortical activity likely mediate the adverse metabolic effects of poor sleep quality.

TL;DR: The incidence of IPF in Olmsted County decreased over the study period, and nonprimary IPF respiratory exacerbations are as frequent as primary IPF ventilation exacerbations and an important cause of death.

TL;DR: Exacerbations of COPD increase the risk of MI and stroke, and this may have implications for therapy in both stable and exacerbated COPD.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that neutrophils are the predominant cell types infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with TB and that these intracellular bacteria appear to replicate rapidly.

TL;DR: Monitoring FeNO in pulmonary hypertension and cystic fibrosis has opened up a window to the role NO may play in their pathogenesis and possible clinical benefits in the management of these diseases.

TL;DR: The findings support a potential role for the Th17 cytokines IL-17A andIL-17F in asthma and COPD, but do not demonstrate a relationship with neutrophilic inflammation.

TL;DR: The diagnosis of the underlying histologies and the clinical entities that are responsible for DAH as well as treatment options are discussed.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-term Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Disease Management (REVEAL) to analyze the clinical features of patients with connective tissue disease-associated PAH (CTD-APAH).

TL;DR: Persistent A fumigatus infection is an independent risk factor for hospital admissions in patients with CF and is associated with a significantly increased risk of pulmonary exacerbations and lung function.

TL;DR: In this paper, the prevalence and correlates of both concealed and overt chronic renal failure in elderly patients with COPD were investigated by logistic regression analysis, and it was shown that overweight and age were significantly associated with both concealed CRF and overt CRF.

TL;DR: The newest commercial IGRAs are superior, in comparison with the TST, for detecting confirmed active TB disease, especially when performed in developed countries, when restricted to performance in developed nations.

TL;DR: In the 35 years since the association between inflammatory myopathy and interstitial lung disease was initially described, there has been progress in diagnosing and treating this disorder, however, there remains much about pathogenesis and therapeutics to be learned.

TL;DR: In this article, a systematic review was conducted to determine the benefits and risks of tight glycemic control in ICU patients and to explain the differences in outcomes among reported trials, concluding that there is no evidence to support the use of intensive insulin therapy in general medical-surgical patients who are fed according to current guidelines.

TL;DR: Dysphagia frequency ranged from 3% to 62% and intubation duration from 124.8 to 346.6 mean hours, and the highest dysphagia frequencies occurred following prolonged intubations and included patients across all diagnostic subtypes.

TL;DR: Once definitive control of hemorrhage has been established, a restrictive approach to blood transfusion should be implemented to minimize further complications.

TL;DR: Characteristics associated with symptoms may help target interventions to reduce these symptoms and demonstrate a high prevalence of psychologic symptoms after a death in the ICU.

TL;DR: This commentary illustrates what it perceive to be the limitations in the present approach to the classification of this group of patients and discusses problems with redefining the diagnosis of undifferentiated connective tissue disease to encompass patients with interstitial pneumonia.

TL;DR: Clinical predictors predicted mortality with an area under the ROC curve of 0.82 and the best performing biomarkers were the neutrophil chemotactic factor, IL-8, and SP-D, supporting the concept that acute inflammation and alveolar epithelial injury are important pathogenetic pathways in human ALI/ARDS.

TL;DR: Exposure to biomass smoke is a risk factor for COPD in both women and men and in both the Asian population and the non-Asian population.

TL;DR: Initial PCT level accurately predicted blood culture positivity in patients with CAP, and has the potential to reduce the number of drawn blood cultures in the emergency department and to implement a more targeted allocation of limited health-care resources.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the relationship of lung function with heart size and heart dysfunction and associated consequences for 6-min walk distance (6MWD) in patients with COPD of different severitites.

TL;DR: This article advocates for the adoption and implementation of a standard bundle of ICU measures, known as the "ABCDE bundle," for awakening and breathing coordination, delirium monitoring, and exercise/early mobility, which will build a bridge across the current quality chasm from the "front end" of critical care and toward improved cognitive and functional outcomes for ICU survivors.

TL;DR: Additional prospective studies are needed to reconcile observational studies suggesting that OSA is a strong risk factor for hypertension with the modest antihypertensive effects of CPAP observed in intervention studies.

TL;DR: Although the pharmacodynamic parameters that better predict the efficacy of colistin are not known in humans, in critically ill adult patients the IV administration of CMS 2 million International Units (174 mg) q8h results in apparently suboptimal plasma concentrations ofcolistin, which is undetectable in BAL.

TL;DR: Emmphysematous change as assessed by CT scan predicts respiratory mortality in outpatients with various stages of COPD.