Showing papers in "Clinical Nutrition in 2021"

TL;DR: This practical guideline is dedicated to all professionals including physicians, dieticians, nutritionists and nurses working with patients with cancer to offer optimal nutritional care.

TL;DR: Following a vegan diet may result in deficiencies in micronutrients (vitamin B12, zinc, calcium and selenium) which should not be disregarded, however, low micro- and macronutrient intakes are not always associated with health impairments.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the impact of lockdown on body weight and body mass index (BMI) in both adults and adolescents (>16 years old) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

TL;DR: In COVID-19 patients, nutritional evaluation, counselling and treatment should be implemented at initial assessment, throughout the course of disease, and after clinical remission to negatively impact body weight and nutritional status.

TL;DR: Almost all the patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection hospitalized in Italy were at nutritional risk, and one-half of them was malnourished, indicating the need for actions to improve the nutritional care practice.

TL;DR: A large proportion of critically ill COVID-19 patients had a high nutritional risk, as revealed by their mNUTRIC score, and may be an appropriate tool for nutritional risk assessment and prognosis prediction for critically ill patients.

TL;DR: The GLIM criteria can be used in elderly cancer patients not only to assess malnutrition, but also to predict survival outcome and the nomogram developed based on the GLIM domains can provide a more accurate prediction of the prognosis than existing systems.

TL;DR: The increased snacking and alcohol consumption observed for almost a third of the examined population could be alarming because long-term health problems could arise in cases of repeated lockdowns in the future and the observed downward trend in fast-food consumption and in frequency of ordered food could be an encouraging sign of turning to home-prepared foods, but further research is needed.

TL;DR: According to current evidences vitamin D supplements should not be recommended for CVD prevention, and more work is needed to establish the protective role of vitamin D in this setting.

TL;DR: Data from the selected papers demonstrate that PhA is decreased in sarcopenic subjects and the prevalence of sarcopenia is higher in subjects with low PhA, and PhA and sarc Openia were independent predictors of survival in cancer patients and geriatric hospitalized patients.

TL;DR: Severe and critical patients with COVID-19 have a high risk of malnutrition and early nutritional risk screening and therapy for patients with the disease are necessary.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors carried out a systematic literature review on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on diets, nutrition and food security in low and middle-income countries.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the association between ultra-processed food consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a UK-based prospective cohort study and found that a diet high in UPFs is associated with a clinically important increased risk of T2D.

TL;DR: Indirect calorimetry is the most reliable method to measure energy expenditure and guide energy prescription, but carries inherent limitations, greatly restricting its use in real life clinical practice.

TL;DR: The aim of this expert opinion recommendation was to elucidate the different impact of animal vs vegetable protein on modifying cardiometabolic risk factors.

TL;DR: Whether 25(OH)vitamin D adequacy may influence clinical outcomes in COVID-19 and the unexpected correlation between higher vitamin D levels and mortality require further investigations by large intervention trials.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide evidence-based recommendations for clinical nutrition in hospitalized patients with acute kidney disease (AKD) and chronic kidney disease(CKD) using a structured consensus process, in order to update the ESPEN Guidelines on Enteral (2006) and Parenteral (2009) Nutrition in Adult Renal Failure.

TL;DR: CT-defined sarcopenia is independently associated with reduced overall survival in patients with HNC and holds a clinically meaningful prognostic value.

TL;DR: Post-discharge ONS with dietary advice in patients at nutritional risk after surgery for gastric cancer improved nutritional outcomes, skeletal muscle maintenance, chemotherapy tolerance and some quality of life variables, and these findings strongly support the concept of the introduction of post-dis discharge ONSwith dietary advice.

TL;DR: In post-discharge patients at nutritional risk following colorectal cancer surgery, the use of ONS may reduce skeletal muscle loss and sarcopenia prevalence, as well as improve chemotherapy tolerance, compared with dietary advice alone.

TL;DR: Diets high in saturated fat were associated with higher mortality from all-causes, CVD, and cancer, whereas diets high in polyunsaturated fat wereassociated with lower mortality fromall-cause, CVB, andcancer.

TL;DR: In this paper, a practical guideline based on the ESPEN Guidelines on chronic intestinal failure in adults is presented, which gives guidance to health care providers involved in the management of patients with CIF.

TL;DR: Data show, for the first time, that a PR-diet can reduce serum zonulin levels, an indirect marker of IP, and may represent an initial breakthrough for further intervention studies evaluating possible dietary treatments for the management ofIP, inflammation and gut function in different target populations.

TL;DR: Serum Cr/CysC ratio can be used accurately, inexpensively, and easily to evaluate sarcopenia in male patients with COPD and is shown to have poor physical clinical factors and are at high risk of severe acute COPD exacerbations.

TL;DR: Assessing the body composition of COVID-19 patients admitted to the ward or the ICU and identifying any associations with severity of disease found no significant associations between body composition, including fat mass, visceral fat area, and fat-free mass, and disease severity in the population of generally overweight COVID -19 patients.

TL;DR: The findings on waist circumference and body fat, although not clinically meaningful, suggest that this strategy may help in the long-term management of obesity in this population, since it is an easy to apply intervention.

TL;DR: Sarcopenia is associated with myocardial infarction and atrial fibrillation in middle-aged and elderly adults without clinical heart failure and after adjustment for age, gender, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, menopausal status in women and other metabolic and inflammatory confounding factors, sarcopenia was independently associated with the risk of myocardia infarctions in the whole population.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors assessed 9,677 participants from the SUN Project, a prospective cohort of middle-aged university graduates in Spain, who inquired about a positive result in a COVID-19 diagnostic test during the months of February to December 2020.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors synthesized research on macronutrients from whole meals on cognitive function in healthy adults and identified underlying mechanisms, including glucose and insulin metabolism, neurotransmitter actions, and cerebral oxidation and inflammation.

TL;DR: Evidence is provided that target fortification of breast milk with low macronutrient content enhances the quality of nutrition and growth and is feasible in clinical routine.