Showing papers in "Immunology Today in 1994"

TL;DR: This review outlines the principal cellular and molecular mechanisms that control initiation of the tissue response at the site of injury, the recruitment of the systemic defense mechanisms, the acute phase response of the liver and the resolution of the acutephase response.

TL;DR: Thomas Buttke and Paul Sandstrom suggest that eukaryotic cells may benefit from this perilous existence by invoking oxidative stress as a common mediator of apoptosis.

TL;DR: The recent discovery that CD28 and B7 are each members of larger gene families suggests that the regulation of co-stimulation is more complex than previously imagined.

TL;DR: Diana Steel and Alexander Whitehead discuss the gene structure, regulation and possible clinical significance of the most dramatically induced acute phase reactants.

TL;DR: The data shows that IL-13 shares biological activities with IL-4, their genes are closely linked in both the human and mouse genomes, and there is sequence homology between IL-11 and IL-12 proteins.

TL;DR: A model of activation-induced, cytokine-modulated, programmed cell death as a major factor in the pathogenesis of HIV infection and AIDS is presented.

TL;DR: Edwin Blalock discusses how these shared ligands and receptors are used as a common chemical language for communication within and between the immune and neuroendocrine systems, suggesting an immunoregulatory role for the brain and a sensory function for the immune system.

TL;DR: The suggestion that CD20 is a regulator of transmembrane Ca2+ conductance and plays an important functional role in B-cell activation, proliferation and differentiation is discussed.

TL;DR: Marco Baggiolini and Clemens Dahinden discuss the involvement of CC chemokines in the recruitment and activation of the main effector cells of allergic inflammation.

TL;DR: How NF-ATp cooperates with Fos- and Jun-family proteins to mediate transcription of the interleukin 2 gene, and how it may participate in the calcium-dependent transcription of other cytokine genes in several types of immune-system cells is described.

TL;DR: It is suggested that exercise-immune interactions can be viewed as a subset of stress immunology and reflects the intensity, duration and chronicity of the exercise.

TL;DR: Collectin domains bind carbohydrates on microorganisms, while the collagenous regions are ligands for the collectin receptor on phagocytes and also mediate C1q-independent activation of the classical complement pathway.

TL;DR: Testi et al. as discussed by the authors showed that the broad expression of CD69 and its conserved ability to generate intracellular signals suggests a general role for the CD69 receptor in the biology of hematopoietic cells.

TL;DR: This analysis reveals that CDR and FR sequences can differ significantly in their inherent susceptibility to amino acid replacement given any single nucleotide change, and proposes a fertile structural substrate of hypervariability for antigen selection while still maintaining the structural integrity of the FRs.

TL;DR: Analysis of antibody sequences in CLL indicates that CLL cells use a repertoire characteristic of mature cells, and suggests that antigen may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease.

TL;DR: The co-stimulatory role of the interaction between CD40 on B cells and CD40 ligand (CD40L, gp39) on T cells is discussed, and evidence that suggests blocking this interaction may induce T-cell tolerance is reviewed.

TL;DR: In this article, Colotta et al. reviewed the properties of these receptors and summarized evidence indicating that the type II receptor acts as a regulated decoy target for IL-1.

TL;DR: The significance within the CNS of the blood-brain barrier, the nonconstitutive expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, the unusual set of potential antigen-presenting and effector cells, and the production of immune or neuromediators from various cellular sources are discussed.

TL;DR: The evidence that indirect presentation of allopeptides may play a significant role in the events leading to the rejection or acceptance of allo- and xenografts is reviewed.

TL;DR: The recently discovered transmembrane 4 superfamily comprises a group of cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains, which are presumed to be membrane spanning.

TL;DR: The current knowledge of CD26 is reviewed and the possible functions of this molecule in T lymphocytes are discussed, which may have important functions in the immune system.

TL;DR: The human CD38 molecule appears to mediate several diverse activities, including signal transduction, cell adhesion and cyclic ADP-ribose synthesis as discussed by the authors, and the authors consolidate the information available on this highly interesting, multifunctional protein.

TL;DR: Among vascular cell adhesion molecules, PECAM-1/CD31 as discussed by the authors has the distinctive feature of being expressed on several of the major cell types associated with the vascular compartment, making it uniquely positioned to mediate multiple and important cell-cell interactions involving platelets, leukocytes and endothelial cells.

TL;DR: An important influence on this shift that has been largely ignored in in vitro work is the endocrine system.

TL;DR: Experiments that have established the phenomenon of 'crosstalk' within the mouse thymus are discussed and a mechanism whereby lymphoid and stromal cells influence each other in a consecutive manner during T-cell development is suggested.

TL;DR: The role of muscle as an immunological microenvironment and the immunological properties of human muscle cells are considered and the Immunological problems of novel gene therapies that rely on muscle cells as vehicles for gene transfer are discussed.

TL;DR: Brian Nickoloff and Laurence Turka suggest that differences in the nature of the T cell-APC interaction may be important in regulating immune responses to local antigens and also in maintaining self-tolerance.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the critical parameter determining the outcome of this interaction is the number of TCRs occupied by peptide/MHC complexes and that this, in turn, is determined by the avidity of the TCR-MHC interaction: low avidity resulting in positive selection and high avocado resulting in negative selection.

TL;DR: Current studies indicate an important biological role for this protein complex in the regulation of B-cell development and activation.

TL;DR: It is suggested that HIV may cause immunosuppression, not by direct cytolytic effects, but rather by a conventional virus-specific cytotoxic T-cell-mediated immunopathology.