Showing papers in "Methods in 2006"

TL;DR: Prior to replacement of ELISA assays with multiplex bead array assays, there is a need to know how comparable these two methods are for quantitative analyses, and certain elements of these assays are pivotal in obtaining similar results from both.

TL;DR: This review outlines some of the advantages, disadvantages, and technical considerations for the use of a wide range of VLP systems in vaccine development.

TL;DR: This special issue of Methods further addresses practical issues of production, affordability, reproducibility and stability of formulation, and also includes a discussion of the economic and regulatory challenges encountered in developing vaccines for veterinary use and for common Third World infectious diseases.

TL;DR: This robust analytical procedure can determine the composition of endogenous sphingolipids (ESPLs) in varied biological materials and achieve a detection limit at 1 pmol or lower level.

TL;DR: This study describes an approach to visualize multiprotein complex datasets that provides structure function information that is superior to tabular lists of data and reanalysis of Rpd3/Sin3 small and large histone deacetylase complexes to demonstrate the normalized spectral abundance factor approach.

TL;DR: The zebrafish is used as a promising model to identify new genetic components of the reward pathway, or other measurable behaviors, and its assays are robust enough to permit the detection of dominant mutations affecting drug-induced reward.

TL;DR: The lipidomics approach is able to identify approximately 450 phospholipid species from total membrane extracts and qualitatively measure pattern response changes initiated by cell surface receptors, which facilitates the elucidation of the metabolic changes induced by a perturbation in the cell and recognition of patterns of signaling.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss methods to measure lateral mobility of membrane lipids and proteins using techniques based on the light microscope, which typically sample lateral mobility in very small, micron-sized regions of the membrane so that they can be used to measure diffusion in regions of single cells.

TL;DR: The prospects for broad application of microparticle-based delivery systems for vaccines are excellent because synergistic effects are often observed whereby much more potent immune responses are induced with a combination than with either component alone.

TL;DR: Cytokines and chemoattractive cytokines (chemokines) are present in a wide variety of body fluids such as plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, bronchoaveolar fluid, amniotic fluid, synovial fluid, middle ear effusion fluid, and urine.

TL;DR: Experimental methods to address the functional significance of altered palmitoylation status on YFPP association with membranes and lipid rafts, as well as signal transduction, are described.

TL;DR: The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of PMED DNA vaccines in nonhuman primates and swine and studies that have directly compared the effectiveness of PM ED in these large animal models to existing licensed vaccines and intramuscular or intradermal delivery of DNA vaccines with a needle are reviewed.

TL;DR: Expression of candidate vaccine antigens in edible recombinant plant material offers an inexpensive means to deliver large doses of vaccines in encapsulated forms, obviating the need for a cold-chain during vaccine storage and distribution, and so limiting costs.

TL;DR: The considerations that need to be taken into account when establishing-and quantitating-the specific binding of a protein or domain to phosphoinositides in membranes are described.

TL;DR: Recent methodologies which have attempted to increase the flexibility and applicability of saponin-adjuvanted particulate vaccines by modifying either the vaccine composition or the mode of formulation are discussed.

TL;DR: Details of high-throughput histology of the zebrafish using larval arrays are described, along with recent advances in mold design and discussion of work in progress that will lead to easier ways for people in the field to more rapidly score phenotypes in arrays.

TL;DR: The technical aspects of treating embryos with small molecules and performing chemical screens with zebrafish are provided, which appear to be a high level of conservation of drug activity between mammals and zebra fish.

TL;DR: New methodology based on "fatty acyl exchange labeling" in which palmitate is removed via hydroxylamine-mediated cleavage of the palmitoyl-thioester bond and then exchanged with a sulfhydryl-specific labeling compound is described.

TL;DR: The ELISPOT assay like the ELISA assay is relatively easy to perform and it has the promise of robustness, reliability, and reproducibility of performance for use as a diagnostic tool.

TL;DR: The cytokine assays showed that the serum IgG antibody response induced is different according to the route of administration, indicated by the differential levels of IL-6 and IFN-γ.

TL;DR: Since relative recovery of cytokines is often low during microdialysis sampling, methods to improve the membrane recovery are discussed for in vitro and in vivo applications.

TL;DR: A systematic method is described to examine which of the DHHC family members is responsible for palmitoylation of a substrate to identify a large family of PAT enzymes.

TL;DR: This method provides an accurate and efficient procedure for estimating the relative ratios of nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA concentrations and DNA binding dyes such as SYBR Green I are simple, versatile, and yet highly reliable and least expensive.

TL;DR: A non-living and non-genetically modified gram-positive bacterial delivery particle (GEM) that has built-in adjuvant activity and a high loading capacity for externally added heterologous antigens that are fused to a high affinity binding domain is developed.

TL;DR: Peptide SPOT array substitution studies confirmed a crucial role for the phenylalanine in FG repeats and identified a lysine residue flanking some repeats that is crucial for importin-beta binding to those repeats.

TL;DR: A detailed method is described for the preparation of a novel nanoparticle-based antigen delivery system which induces strong cellular and humoral immune responses in mice and sheep and avoids a range of prevalent technical problems that occur when using immune response detection assays.

TL;DR: A pilot screen on 1235 F1 males by resequencing 54 exons from 17 genes and analyzed the sequencing data using multiple programs to maximize the mutation detection with minimal false positive detection shows that a combination of TILLING and sequencing is optimal for achieving cost-effective, high-throughput screening of a large number of samples.

TL;DR: The current status of VLP-based AIDS vaccines is reviewed, regarding issues of purification and immune design for animal and clinical trials.

TL;DR: Techniques for the lyophilisation, cryoprotection and sterilisation of liposomal vaccines are described, which allow for the retention of both the chemical integrity of the lipids and the key physico-chemical characteristics of the Liposomes, thus supporting the enhanced transition of lipOSomal vaccines from the bench to the clinic.

TL;DR: The results show that use of such agents as vaccines can induce potent anti-tumor immune responses and immunotherapeutic effects in tumor models, and provide a strategy for the development of effective vaccines and Immunotherapies for cancer and infectious diseases.