Showing papers in "Neurobiology of Stress in 2017"

TL;DR: This report summarizes and builds upon some of the key concepts in the symposium “The Microbiome: Development, Stress, and Disease” within the context of how microbiota might influence the neurobiology of stress.

TL;DR: An update on the validity and reliability of the CMS model, and recent data on the neurobiological basis of CMS effects and the mechanisms of antidepressant action are reviewed: the volume of this research may be unique in providing a comprehensive account of antidepressants action within a single model.

TL;DR: The TSST has unveiled differences in males and females, as well as different age groups, in their neurobiological response to acute stress, and exciting new inroads have been made in understanding epigenetic contributions to the biological regulation of the acute stress response using the TSST.

TL;DR: The data obtained so far from experiments in rodents lend support to a physiological basis for the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia and depression.

TL;DR: This review summarizes the interaction of circadian and stress systems and the resulting physiological and pathophysiological consequences and critically discusses the relevance of rodent stress studies for humans.

TL;DR: It is concluded that CMS is in fact a rather robust model, but the factors that result in a less effective implementation in a minority of laboratories remain to be firmly established.

TL;DR: This review examines the contribution of intrinsic factors intrinsic to the individuals that are relevant to shape the stress response based on experimental rodent models of response to stress and discusses to what extent that knowledge can be potentially translated to humans.

TL;DR: Evidence that early life adversity hampers later hippocampal and prefrontal cortex functions, while increasing amygdala activity, and the sensitivity to stressors and emotional behavior later in life is discussed.

TL;DR: It is found that the RDoC system uses biological determinism to explain the pathogenesis of distinct psychiatric symptoms and emphasises exploration of endophenotypes but not of complex diseases, allowing one to evade a major challenge of translational studies of strict disease-to-model correspondence.

TL;DR: The focus of this review is on the stressor rather than the stress response, and some of the depression- and anxiety disorder-relevant effects on behavior, physiology and brain structure-function of chronic psychosocial stressors, as well as evidence for the predictive validity of such models in terms of chronic antidepressant efficacy.

TL;DR: It is concluded that a greater focus on timing of puberty as a factor in research in adolescent rats may increase the translational relevance of the findings.

TL;DR: Results indicate that ELS impacts the development of spatial abilities in both male and female mice and that these effects are more profound and lasting in males.

TL;DR: Eotion regulation and salience regions are susceptible to topological brain restructuring associated with EALs, and the male and female brains appear to be differently affected by specific types of Eals.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the domesticated White Leghorn may have a higher capacity for negative feedback of the HPA axis, a lower capacity for synthesis of ACTH in the pituitary and a reduced synthesis rate of corticosterone in the adrenal glands compared to Red Junglefowl.

TL;DR: The social stress concept, how it has been studied in rodents in the course of time and some more recent insights into the appraisal process are discussed.

TL;DR: In aggregate, these presentations showcased how divergent perspectives provide new insights into the ways in which stress impacts circuit development and function, with implications for understanding emergence of affective pathology.

TL;DR: It is reported that chronic stress leads to a delayed increase in Cav1.2 expression selectively within the prefrontal cortex (PFC), but not in other stress-sensitive brain regions such as the hippocampus or amygdala, and molecular studies find a delayed upregulation of the p25/Cdk5-glucocorticoid receptor (GR) pathway in the PFC when examined 8 days post-stress.

TL;DR: Unlike acute inflammatory models resulting in DO induction within microglia, only astrocyte DO expression was increased by acute restraint-stress, defining their unique role during stress-dependent activation of the Kynurenine Pathway.

TL;DR: The findings suggest that a metabolomics approach can identify functional groups of neurochemicals that may serve as novel targets for the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of stress-related mental illness.

TL;DR: Dysregulated connectivity between areas involved in the neural stress response and self-referential thoughts suggests that perceived stress may have a subtle impact on cognitive processing and neural correlates.

TL;DR: Critical evaluation of multitasking provides an ecologically valid technique for inducing laboratory stress and provides an alternative tool for assessing psychological and cardiovascular reactivity.

TL;DR: The results support a role for the 5-HT2A receptor in specific metabolic and transcriptional, but not behavioral, consequences of CUS, and highlight that the contribution of the5-HT 2A receptor to stress-evoked changes is sexually dimorphic.

TL;DR: Exposure to stressful life events was associated with lower basal evening cortisol levels overall, and in the participants with the 5-HTTLPR L allele but not the SS genotype, while depression tended to be associated with a 42% higher basal morning cortisol in the SS participants specifically, but did not modify the association between stressful events and cortisol levels.

TL;DR: This study demonstrated decreased connectivity between the amygdala and regions important for stress and emotional processing in long-term abstinent individuals with AD, suggesting aberrant stress processing in individuals withAD even after lengthy periods of abstinence.

TL;DR: ELS is associated with both structural and functional reductions of left ventricular measures, potentially implying a body-wide thrifty phenotype, and parallel “thrift” adaptations may occur in key brain areas following ELS and may play an unexplored role in mood and anxiety disorder susceptibility.

TL;DR: It is proposed that this mother-offspring transfer mechanism can be leveraged to devise experimental protocols based on the exogenous administration of corticosterone during lactation and is referred to to a series of studies in which these protocols have been adopted to investigate the neonatal programming of individual phenotype at the level of emotional and immune regulations.

TL;DR: EB acted on serotonergic neurons in the MRN of the ovariectomized rats, impairing the association of the aversive experience to the context, by co-modulating the functionality of somatodendritic 5-HT1A.

TL;DR: In the present special issue of Neurobiology of Stress emphasis is placed on the environmental stimuli that induce stress, emotionality and arousal; this issue comprises contributions that focus on psychogenic stressors.

TL;DR: This issue of Neurobiology of Stress includes several articles to provide a brief overview of the 2016 neurobiology of stress Workshop for the scientific community and thereby summarizes the path-breaking work in the general topic area of their session.