Showing papers in "Neuroscience in 1995"

TL;DR: The present results reveal a widespread pattern of neuronal activation in response to acute swim or restraint stress that may aid in the identification of stress-specific neural circuits and are likely to have important implications for the understanding of neuronal regulation of the stress response.

TL;DR: The results indicate that the reversible atrophy induced by 21 days of daily restraint stress requires corticosterone secretion and that excitatory mechanisms involving N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors play a major role in driving the atrophy.

TL;DR: These results are consistent with a model in which adrenocortical secretion plays a permissive role in enabling another agent, namely, excitatory amino acids, to produce the final effect.

TL;DR: The basic definitions and some distinctive characteristics of the two types of transmission are discussed and the evidence for different types of intercellular communication besides synaptic transmission in the central nervous system during phylogeny, and in vertebrates in physiological and pathological conditions is reviewed.

TL;DR: It is concluded that dopamine receptor immunoreactivity is mainly associated with spiny output neurons of the neostriatum and that there is a selective association of D1 receptors with the so-called direct pathway of information flow through the basal ganglia, i.e. the striatoentopeduncular and striatonigral pathways.

TL;DR: It is indicated that intrastriatal injection of different doses of 6-hydroxydopamine can be used to cause increasing amounts of dopamine denervation, which could model Parkinson's disease of varying degrees of severity.

TL;DR: The data indicate that diazepam has complex effects on the extracellular concentrations of dopamine and norepinephrine which vary depending upon whether the rat is undisturbed or stressed during the period of drug exposure as well as the rat's prior history of exposure to stress.

TL;DR: Abnormalities of the nicotinic receptor in the diseases examined appear to be closely associated with primary histopathological changes: dopaminergic cell loss in Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia, amyloid plaques and tangles in subicular and entorhinal areas in Alzheimer's disease.

TL;DR: The occurrence of D3 receptor gene expression in some brain areas receiving low dopamine innervation supports the hypothesis that this receptor may mediate non-synaptic actions of dopamine.

TL;DR: The aim of this study was to examine the afferents to the rat locus coeruleus by means of retrograde and anterograde tracing experiments using cholera-toxin B subunit and phaseolus leucoagglutinin to indicate that the area surrounding the locus coercedus is divided into individual nuclei with distinctAfferents.

TL;DR: Results of this study demonstrate both similarities and differences in brain activation patterns following these two social behaviors and suggest that mating and agonistic behavior activate distinct neural circuits.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate that the GluRA, B/C and D subunits of the AMPA type glutamate receptor are present in many of the glutamatergic synapses formed by the entorhinal, CA3 pyramidal and mossy fibre terminals.

TL;DR: The work reported here shows that both neuronal and physiological responses adapt to a repeated stress, but that in both cases this has highly specific components.

TL;DR: Results showed that injections of amphetamine into the nucleus accumbens induced a dose-dependent increase in locomotor activity which remained identical with the repetition of the injections, whereas no difference between the different intra-accumbens pretreated groups was observed following the diverse phosphate-buffered saline solution and amphetamine challenges.

TL;DR: The observation that adenovirus gene transfer leads to an inflammatory response in the brain must be taken into account when planning and interpreting experiments with these vectors, and it is concluded that using an appropriate strain of rat can diminish some aspects of the inflammation.

TL;DR: It is found that ODQ and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, nitroarginine, reduce hippocampal long-term potentiation in an equal and mutually exclusive manner, suggesting that the actions ofNitric oxide in this phenomenon are entirely mediated through cyclic GMP.

TL;DR: The present results suggest a likely role for neuronal circuits involving the prefrontal cortex, amygdala and ventral tegmental area in the development of sensitization of post-stereotypy locomotion following repeated amphetamine administration.

TL;DR: It is suggested that oxygen-glucose deprivation can induce in cortical neurons both excitotoxic necrosis, and apoptosis dependent on new macromolecule synthesis.

TL;DR: These studies suggest that Type I receptors, with a high affinity for corticosterone, and Type II receptors, having a lower affinity for cortisol, form a two-level recognition system to modulate induced synaptic plasticity in opposite directions in the dentate gyrus and possibly also in Ammon's horn.

TL;DR: It is suggested that exposure of cultured cortical neurons to H2O2 can induce apoptotic cell death within 3 h, as assessed by cell viability, morphological and ultrastructural measures, and this model appears valuable for studies of the mechanism(s) by which oxidative injury may induce apoptosis cell death and damage to neurons in the CNS.

TL;DR: It is concluded that not all mnesic perturbations induced by concurrent manipulations of theserotonergic and cholinergic systems can be attributed to a serotonergic modification of the cholinergic system.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that corticothalamic fibers arising from the rat primary visual cortex display a lamina-dependent projection pattern and it is proposed that a similar organizational plan characterizes cortic hypothalamic relationships in other sensory systems in the rat and in other species.

TL;DR: The results suggest that subpopulations of cortical neurons may be regulated by dynamic interactions between excitatory and inhibitory inputs during development and, in concert with other data, they emphasize the cellular specificity of postnatal refinements in cortical circuitry.

TL;DR: It is found that the presence of the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele is correlated with increased amounts of both amyloid and neuritic pathology in the neocortex as determined using an image analysis system.

TL;DR: The cellular expression of Fos protein in rat brain has been studied after groups of rats were either shown sets of novel or highly familiar objects, or were exposed to the same pattern of illumination without objects being shown.

TL;DR: Data obtained support the hypothesis that, besides operative control assigned to compensate deviations from a reference position, the system of postural control includes at least one additional level, which elaborates this reference using information about mutual position of body links, muscular torques and interaction with the support on the basis of criteria taking into account the energy cost of standing and demands for stability and security.

TL;DR: The present approach takes advantage of a recently introduced classification system which allows for a ranking of Alzheimer's disease-related neurofibrillary changes into six stages and analyses a staged sample of 887 brains obtained from routine autopsy in order to estimate the rate of passing through the various stages.

TL;DR: It is reported here that injection of kainate into the dorsal hippocampus of adult mice may also trigger a conspicuous and long-lasting global trophic response of granule cells, suggesting that brain-derived neurotrophic factor could be involved in the activation and/or maintenance of this phenomenon.

TL;DR: The data support the broad hypothesis that synaptic pathology occurs in schizophrenia and suggest that pyramidal neurons within the medial temporal lobe may form fewer synapses, although the lack of any significant differences in synaptophysin immunoreactivity despite the loss of encoding messenger RNA means that this conclusion must be drawn cautiously.

TL;DR: It is concluded that brain microglial cells are the major source of interleukin-1 beta messenger RNA after peripheral administration of lipopolysaccharide.