Showing papers in "Pharmacology & Therapeutics in 2003"

TL;DR: The recent resolution of the structure of this binding domain in one of these receptors, the metabotropic glutamate 1 receptor, revealed a unique mechanism of activation for these GPCRs, which open new possibilities in the development of drugs aimed at modulating these receptors.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the many natural products that have been implicated in cancer prevention and that promote human health without recognisable side effects from vegetables, fruits, plant extracts, and herbs.

TL;DR: The current findings of the functions of the LPS receptor complex, which is composed of CD14, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2), and the signal pathways with regard to both activation and deactivation of macrophages by LPS are summarized.

TL;DR: Four distinct suggestions have been made to explain the mechanism of the cytochrome b(5)-imposed positive modifier action of the Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase reaction, which appears to be a rate-limiting step in the monooxyGENase reaction.

TL;DR: A review of catalytic topoisomerase II poisons can be found in this paper, with an emphasis on therapeutically used compounds, such as Baccelli and novobiocin.

TL;DR: The NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor has been implicated in modulating functions such as learning, memory processing, pain perception, and feeding behaviors, as well as being involved in a number of human disorders.

TL;DR: How the molecular aspects of glutamate malfunction can explain some of the neuropathology observed in schizophrenia, and how the available treatment intervenes through the glutamate system is discussed.

TL;DR: This review takes a translational neuroscience perspective on the role of glutamate systems in human ethanol abuse and dependence, and suggests novel glutamatergic agents may play a role in the treatment of ethanol Abuse and dependence.

TL;DR: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a betaherpesvirus, represents the major infectious cause of birth defects, as well as an important pathogen for immunocompromised individuals and contributes to graft loss independently from graft rejection.

TL;DR: The findings presented in this review underscore the necessity of considering GABA(A) receptor-mediated neurotransmission as a dynamic and highly flexible process controlled by multiple mechanisms operating at the molecular, cellular, and systemic level.

TL;DR: This review aims at summarising the different studies that support the concept of multiplicity of G-protein coupling, and the physiological and pharmacological relevance of this coupling promiscuity will be discussed.

TL;DR: The dynamic nature of palmitoylation and its role in GPCR expression and function are highlighted and other proteins involved in G PCR signaling, such as G-proteins, regulators of G- protein signaling, and G-protein-coupled receptor kinases are discussed.

TL;DR: This review will examine the genealogy and mode of actions of TGF-beta on the cell types involved in inflammation and repair, as well as in carcinoma.

TL;DR: It is plausible that this will be demonstrable in severe falciparum malaria, and it is argued that it can best be understood in terms of excessive stimulation of normally useful pathways mediated by inflammatory cytokines, the prototype being tumor necrosis factor (TNF).

TL;DR: Experimental models have revealed that statins exert a variety of other cardiovascular effects, which would be predicted to be of clinical benefit: they possess anti-inflammatory properties, as evidenced by their ability to reduce the accumulation of inflammatory cells in atherosclerotic plaques.

TL;DR: In this review, the current understanding of the complex regulatory processes that underlie signaling of mAChR is summarized.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the clarification of the role of adenosine and its receptors in cancer development may hold great promise for the treatment of chemotherapy in patients affected by malignancies.

TL;DR: Demonstration of neurotoxicity in human users of Ecstasy is hampered by a number of confounds that the majority of published studies have failed to address, so these confounds are reviewed and their impact is discussed.

TL;DR: This review will focus on the classical ways in which GB is currently being treated, and will introduce a novel therapeutic modality, i.e., gene therapy, which it is believed will be used in combination with classical treatment strategies to prolong the life-span of patients and to ultimately be able to control and/or cure these brain tumors.

TL;DR: M(2) muscarinic receptor dysfunction and subsequent airway hyperreactivity have been demonstrated to occur in animals in response to a variety of triggers, including antigen challenge, virus infection, ozone exposure, and vitamin A deficiency.

TL;DR: This review coordinates findings on the multiple pathways for ROS and RNS and describes a hypothesis involving mitochondrial inhibition in the initiation of amphetamine-induced cellular necrosis.

TL;DR: The achievements made thus far with transgenic rabbits are introduced, with emphasis on the application of these rabbits as human disease models and live bioreactors for producing human therapeutic proteins and on the recent progress in cloned rabbits.

TL;DR: A clinical trial was performed in which all subjects had an implanted cardioverter-defibrillator and were at very high risk of sudden cardiac death, showing the mechanisms by which n-3 fish oil fatty acids prevent fatal cardiac arrhythmias.

TL;DR: It is shown that pharmacological inhibition of the p38 pathway blocks induction of IFNalpha-antiviral responses, indicating a critical role for this signaling cascade in the induction of the regulatory effects of Type I IFNs on hematopoiesis.

TL;DR: The developmental program of MEL cells was presented in considerable depth, suggesting that leukemic cell differentiation represents a highly coordinated set of events that lead to irreversible growth arrest and expression of cell lineage restricted phenotypes.

TL;DR: Evidence supporting the potential for enzymes involved in the P450 system to interact is summarized, focusing on the interactions between reductase and P450 and interactions between multiple P450 enzymes.

TL;DR: This overview is focused on the substrate specificity, tissue distribution, and subcellular location of the mammalian dNKs and r NKs and their role in the activation of NAs.

TL;DR: This review covers how labeling and visualisation technologies have been applied to the study of major pharmacologically important receptors and illustrates this by giving examples of recent techniques that have relied on GFP, antibodies, or fluorescent ligands alone or in combination for the purpose of studying GPCR.

TL;DR: Evidence is increasing that the enhanced RGS4 expression counter-regulates the G(q/11)-induced signalling caused by hypertrophic stimuli, and its down-regulation renders it a candidate gene, which may be involved in the regulation of capillary growth, angiogenesis, and in the pathophysiology of stroke.

TL;DR: This review highlights the unique transporters and enzymes responsible for the salvage of purines in parasites that could constitute excellent potential targets for the design of safe and effective antiparasitic drugs.