Showing papers in "Progress in Neurobiology in 2010"

TL;DR: The steady-state evoked activity, its properties, and the mechanisms behind SSVEP generation are investigated and future research directions related to basic and applied aspects of SSVEPs are outlined.

TL;DR: A comprehensive description of the molecular basis ofsynapsin function is given, as well as an overview of the more recent evidence linking mutations in the synapsin proteins to the onset of severe central nervous system diseases such as epilepsy and schizophrenia.

TL;DR: This review summarizes recent progress made in preclinical models of ICH, surveys preclinical and clinical studies of inflammatory cells (leukocytes, macrophages, microglia, and astrocytes) and inflammatory mediators and highlights the emerging areas of therapeutic promise.

TL;DR: The developments in bridging technology which aim to replace the autograft are described, which are of utmost importance to develop and optimise treatments of the most challenging peripheral nerve injuries.

TL;DR: An overview of the physiological and behavioral roles of peptide signaling in Drosophila include regulation of development, growth, feeding, metabolism, reproduction, homeostasis, and longevity, as well as neuromodulation in learning and memory, olfaction and locomotor control.

TL;DR: The ventral basal ganglia are revealed as a constellation of multiple functional systems for the learning and selection of flexible behaviours and of behavioural strategies, sharing the common operations of selection-by-disinhibition and of dopaminergic modulation.

TL;DR: It is concluded that epidemiology-driven neurodevelopmental models of schizophrenia are characterized by a high level of face, construct and predictive validity, including intrinsic etiological significance to the disorder, such that the effects of prenatal environmental insults often only emerge after puberty.

TL;DR: It is suggested that delusions result from aberrations in how brain circuits specify hierarchical predictions, and how they compute and respond to prediction errors, which can affect perception, memory, bodily agency and social learning.

TL;DR: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is one of the most important endemicEncephalitis in the world especially in Eastern and Southeastern Asia and tends to be endemic: cases occur throughout the year with a peak in the rainy season.

TL;DR: A model postulates that adolescent exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive substance in cannabis, transiently disturbs physiological control of the endogenous cannabinoid system over glutamate and GABA release and may adversely affect adolescent experience-dependent maturation of neural circuitries within prefrontal cortical areas.

TL;DR: Preliminary results extend the evidence relevant to existing models of central limitations to maximal exercise by indicating that prefrontal oxygenation measured with NIRS in healthy people showed a quadratic response to incremental exercise, rising between moderate and hard intensities, then falling at veryhard intensities.

TL;DR: Assisting the balance of metal ions back to homeostatic levels has been proposed as a disease-modifying therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease as well as other neurodegenerative diseases.

TL;DR: The differential properties of the wiring transmission (WT) and VT circuits and communication channels will be discussed as well as the role of neurosteroids and oxytocin receptors in volume transmission leading to a new understanding of the integrative actions of neuronal-glial networks.

TL;DR: The possibility is discussed that D1 receptors participate in danger recognition facilitating conditioned-unconditioned associations by the retrieval of the affective properties of the unconditioned stimuli, and in the control of impulse trafficking from cortical and BLA regions to BLA and CeA nuclei respectively.

TL;DR: The "microglial dysfunction hypothesis" points at the importance of understanding the mechanisms of microglial-mediated neuroprotection to develop new therapies for neurodegenerative diseases, mainly for the identification of potentially effective neuroprotective molecules.

TL;DR: It is clear that aging and AD are associated with epigenetic dysregulation at various levels, and data on e.g. twin studies in AD support the notion that epigenetic mechanisms mediate the risk for AD.

TL;DR: A three-part discussion on the array of HSP families relevant to neuronal tissue, their cellular functions, and the exploration of therapeutic targets of these proteins in the context of neurological diseases.

TL;DR: Findings of animal studies indicate that lesions of the NAc core subregion facilitated impulsivity in tasks involving intertemporal choice, and promoted a risk-averse, less impulsive, tendency in tasks including options with probability differences.

TL;DR: A unified theoretical framework is proposed in which EE is seen as a functional opposite of stress and the importance of stress in each phase of drug addiction is highlighted and life conditions of abstinent addicts should be considered as part of their treatment.

TL;DR: There is no convincing evidence that UCHL1/PGP 9.5 can remove ubiquitin from proteins destined for proteasomal degradation, rather the substrate(s) of the enzyme appear to be one or more as yet unidentified short ubiquitIn C-terminal extensions.

TL;DR: Mediational analysis suggests a bi-directional association between adiposity and depression, with inflammation possibly playing an intermediary role.

TL;DR: This review annotates and categorises the glia of adult Drosophila and other model insects and analyses the developmental origins of these in the Drosphila optic lobe, advocating that the term subretinal glia, as used to refer to both pseudocartridge and fenestrated glial subtypes, be abandoned.

TL;DR: Investigations in EAE are more suitable for the analysis of immunogenetic elements and for the study of histopathological features of the disease than for screening of new treatments, and deeper insight is provided into the pathogenic cellular and molecular mechanisms of EAE and potentially of MS.

TL;DR: A timely overview of current knowledge on mechanisms leading to microcephaly in humans with MCPH and abnormalities in cell division/cell survival in corresponding animal models is provided.

TL;DR: Although cG MP production appears to mediate the physiological signaling by NO, the specific roles of cGMP-dependent ion channels, protein kinases and phosphodiesterases in mediating NO action remain to be determined.

TL;DR: The capacity of CHIKV to infect neurons and glial cells, delineate the fundamental innate (intrinsic) immune defence mechanisms to protect from infection and argue about the possible mechanisms involved in the encephalopathy are described.

TL;DR: Astrocytes can modulate neuronal activity by means of release of glutamate, d-serine, adenosine triphosphate and other signaling molecules, contributing to sustain, reinforce or depress pre- and post-synaptic membranes.

TL;DR: Data supporting the idea that metabolites of the kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan degradation provide a critical link between mutant htt and the pathophysiology of HD are reviewed, and pharmacological normalization of the imbalance in brain KP metabolism may provide clinical benefits.

TL;DR: Toxic bee venom injection may be beneficial for some patients, but may also be harmful, and key patterns of results, critical shortcomings, and essential areas requiring further study are highlighted.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the major metabolite of rasagiline, 1-(R)-aminoindan has antioxidant and neuroprotective capabilities and thus, may contribute to the overt activity of its parent compound, rasgiline.