A Large-Scale Genetic Screen in Arabidopsis to Identify Genes Involved in Pollen Exine Production
Anna A. Dobritsa,Aliza Geanconteri,Jay Shrestha,Ann L. Carlson,Nicholas J. Kooyers,Daniel Coerper,Ewa Urbanczyk-Wochniak,Bennie J. Bench,Lloyd W. Sumner,Robert Swanson,Daphney Preuss +10 more
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TLDR
This study illustrates that morphological screens of pollen can be extremely fruitful in identifying previously unknown exine genes and lays the foundation for biochemical, developmental, and evolutionary studies of exine production.Abstract:
Exine, the outer plant pollen wall, has elaborate species-specific patterns, provides a protective barrier for male gametophytes, and serves as a mediator of strong and species-specific pollen-stigma adhesion. Exine is made of sporopollenin, a material remarkable for its strength, elasticity, and chemical durability. The chemical nature of sporopollenin, as well as the developmental mechanisms that govern its assembly into diverse patterns in different species, are poorly understood. Here, we describe a simple yet effective genetic screen in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) that was undertaken to advance our understanding of sporopollenin synthesis and exine assembly. This screen led to the recovery of mutants with a variety of defects in exine structure, including multiple mutants with novel phenotypes. Fifty-six mutants were selected for further characterization and are reported here. In 14 cases, we have mapped defects to specific genes, including four with previously demonstrated or suggested roles in exine development (MALE STERILITY2, CYP703A2, ANTHER-SPECIFIC PROTEIN6, TETRAKETIDE α-PYRONE REDUCTASE/DIHYDROFLAVONOL-4-REDUCTASE-LIKE1), and a number of genes that have not been implicated in exine production prior to this screen (among them, fatty acid ω-hydroxylase CYP704B1, putative glycosyl transferases At1g27600 and At1g33430, 4-coumarate-coenzyme A ligase 4CL3, polygalacturonase QUARTET3, novel gene At5g58100, and nucleotide-sugar transporter At5g65000). Our study illustrates that morphological screens of pollen can be extremely fruitful in identifying previously unknown exine genes and lays the foundation for biochemical, developmental, and evolutionary studies of exine production.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
ABCG Transporters Are Required for Suberin and Pollen Wall Extracellular Barriers in Arabidopsis
Vandana Yadav,Isabel Molina,Kosala Ranathunge,Indira Queralta Castillo,Steven J. Rothstein,Jason W. Reed +5 more
TL;DR: This work demonstrates that a family of transport proteins is required in Arabidopsis to form such barriers in roots and in seed coats and to make a functional pollen wall and reveals transport requirements for barrier synthesis as well as physiological and developmental consequences of barrier deficiency.
Journal ArticleDOI
The biosynthesis, composition and assembly of the outer pollen wall: A tough case to crack.
TL;DR: A working model for sporopollenin biosynthesis is proposed based on the data obtained largely from studies of Arabidopsis, and future challenges to complete the understanding of pollen wall biology are outlined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Four Isoforms of Arabidopsis 4-Coumarate:CoA Ligase Have Overlapping yet Distinct Roles in Phenylpropanoid Metabolism
TL;DR: Phylogenetic analysis reveals that 4CL1, 4CL2, and 4CL4 are more closely related to each other than to 4CL3, suggesting that the two groups may serve different biological functions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sporopollenin Biosynthetic Enzymes Interact and Constitute a Metabolon Localized to the Endoplasmic Reticulum of Tapetum Cells
TL;DR: Results suggest the existence of a sporopollenin metabolon, which is likely to form a metabolon in the endoplasmic reticulum of the anther tapetal cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Male gametophyte development and function in angiosperms: a general concept.
Said Hafidh,Jan Fíla,David Honys +2 more
TL;DR: An overview of important cellular processes in pollen development and explosive pollen tube growth stressing the importance of reserves accumulation and mobilization and also the mutual activation of pollen tube and pistil tissues, pollen tube guidance and the communication between male and female gametophytes are presented.
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