Journal ArticleDOI
A leading role for the immune system in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia
TLDR
The pathophysiology of preeclampsia may involve several factors, including persistent hypoxia at the placental level and the release of high amounts of STBMs, which may contribute to the inflammatory process and to changes in adaptive‐immune system cells, which are also modulated in preeclamping.Abstract:
Preeclampsia syndrome is characterized by inadequate placentation, because of deficient trophoblastic invasion of the uterine spiral arteries, leading to placental hypoxia, secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, the release of angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors and miRNAs. Although immune-system alterations are associated with the origin of preeclampsia, other factors, including proinflammatory cytokines, neutrophil activation, and endothelial dysfunction, are also related to the pathophysiology of this syndrome. The pathophysiology of preeclampsia may involve several factors, including persistent hypoxia at the placental level and the release of high amounts of STBMs. DAMP molecules released under hypoxic conditions and STBMs, which bind TLRs, may activate monocytes, DCs, NK cells, and neutrophils, promoting persistent inflammatory conditions in this syndrome. The development of hypertension in preeclamptic women is also associated with endothelial dysfunction, which may be mediated by various mechanisms, including neutrophil activation and NET formation. Furthermore, preeclamptic women have higher levels of nonclassic and intermediate monocytes and lower levels of lymphoid BDCA-2(+) DCs. The cytokines secreted by these cells may contribute to the inflammatory process and to changes in adaptive-immune system cells, which are also modulated in preeclampsia. The changes in T cell subsets that may be seen in preeclampsia include low Treg activity, a shift toward Th1 responses, and the presence of Th17 lymphocytes. B cells can participate in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia by producing autoantibodies against adrenoreceptors and autoantibodies that bind the AT1-R.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Pivotal Role of the Placenta in Normal and Pathological Pregnancies: A Focus on Preeclampsia, Fetal Growth Restriction, and Maternal Chronic Venous Disease
Miguel A Ortega,Oscar Fraile-Martínez,C. García-Montero,Miguel A. Saez,Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon,Diego Torres-Carranza,Melchor Alvarez-Mon,Julia Buján,Natalio García-Honduvilla,Coral Bravo,Luis G. Guijarro,Juan De León-Luis +11 more
TL;DR: The aim of this review is to summarize the main features of the placenta, with a special focus on its early development, cytoarchitecture, immunology, and functions in non-pathological conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chronic infusion of interleukin-17 promotes hypertension, activation of cytolytic natural killer cells, and vascular dysfunction in pregnant rats.
Olivia K. Travis,Dakota White,W. Austin Pierce,Ying Ge,Cassandra Stubbs,Frank T. Spradley,Jan M. Williams,Denise C. Cornelius +7 more
TL;DR: The results of this study suggest that IL‐17 plays a significant role in the activation of cNK cells during pregnancy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Can Endothelial Glycocalyx Be a Major Morphological Substrate in Pre-Eclampsia?
TL;DR: Envisaging the eGC damage as a key factor of PE, might be a new approach to prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of patients with PE.
Journal ArticleDOI
Maternal-Fetal rejection reactions are unconstrained in preeclamptic women.
TL;DR: While the proportions of the highly suppressive Cytokine and Activated Treg were increased in preeclampsia, Treg tolerance toward fetal antigens was dysfunctional, indicating a long-standing inflammatory derangement driving immune activation in preeClampsia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lipid profile and cytokines in hypertension of pregnancy: A comparison of preeclampsia therapies.
Yong Wang,Dandan Shi,Ling Chen +2 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that lipid profile and cytokines can be used in the evaluation of the severity of hypertensive disorders complicating pregnancy, and oral nifedipine requires more study.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
Circulating Angiogenic Factors and the Risk of Preeclampsia
Richard J. Levine,Sharon Maynard,Cong Qian,Kee-Hak Lim,Lucinda England,Kai F. Yu,Enrique F. Schisterman,Ravi Thadhani,Benjamin P. Sachs,Franklin H. Epstein,Bahaeddine M Sibai,Vikas P. Sukhatme,S. Ananth Karumanchi +12 more
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