A Novel Double Fault Diagnosis and Detection Technique in Digital Microfluidic Biochips

An Efficient Multiple Fault Detection Technique in Digital Microfluidic Biochips

Abstract: The involvement of Digital Microfluidic Biochips (DMFBs) in the field of disease detection, automated drug discovery, on-chip DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) analysis has become well-accepted d...

An Efficient Technique for Double Faults Detection and their Locations Identification in Digital Microfluidic Biochip

Abstract: Progress of digital microfluidic biochip (DMFB) confronts for the defective and specious electrodes. Not only these hinder the routing of droplets but also the completion time of assay is influenced by those defective electrodes. As Microfluidic-based biochips are broadly used in the revolution of medical diagnosis, gigantic parallel DNA analysis, automatic drug discovery and real-time biomolecular recognition including numerous safety-critical applications, this biochip definitely responsible for appropriate and accurate result. Prior accepting it for perceptive purposes the microfluidic biochip must confirm its precision and robustness. In this article, an aspect of fast fault diagnosis appliance for perceiving double faults and recognizing the fault locations within the biochip is introduced. If the biochip is defect free then the proposed approach computes the traversal time as well. The suggested result outpoured that the propound technique is competent, efficacious as well as delineate signifying improvement over the surviving method. Furthermore this paper added expedient reconfiguration contrivance.

Integrated microfluidic devices

Abstract: “With the fundamentals of microscale flow and species transport well developed, the recent trend in microfluidics has been to work towards the development of integrated devices which incorporate multiple fluidic, electronic and mechanical components or chemical processes onto a single chip sized substrate. Along with this has been a major push towards portability and therefore a decreased reliance on external infrastructure (such as detection sensors, heaters or voltage sources).” In this review we provide an in-depth look at the “state-of-the-art” in integrated microfludic devices for a broad range of application areas from on-chip DNA analysis, immunoassays and cytometry to advances in integrated detection technologies for and miniaturized fuel processing devices. In each area a few representative devices are examined with the intent of introducing the operating procedure, construction materials and manufacturing technique, as well as any unique and interesting features.

A digital microfluidic biosensor for multianalyte detection

Abstract: A microfluidic lab-on-chip (LoC) for measuring the concentration of human body metabolites, using submicroliter droplets as reaction chambers, is presented in this paper. The device is based on the manipulation of droplets using the principle of electrowetting and is integrated with an optical absorbance measurement system for detection. We have demonstrated the detection of glucose using a colorimetric enzyme-kinetic assay in less than 40 seconds. The sensor response is linear in the range of 25mg/dl to 300mg/dl, with less than 5% deviation from linearity at the upper limit. In addition to glucose, we have also demonstrated the feasibility of lactate, glutamate, and pyruvate assays using our system.

A resonant accelerometer with two-stage microleverage mechanisms fabricated by SOI-MEMS technology

Abstract: We present the design, fabrication, and testing of a push-pull differential resonant accelerometer with double-ended-tuning-fork (DETF) as the inertial force sensor. The accelerometer is fabricated with the silicon-on-insulator microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology that bridges surface micromachining and bulk micromachining by integrating the 50-/spl mu/m-thick high-aspect ratio MEMS structure with the standard circuit foundry process. Two DETF resonators serve as the force sensor measuring the acceleration through a frequency shift caused by the inertial force acting as axial loading. Two-stage microleverage mechanisms with an amplification factor of 80 are designed for force amplification to increase the overall sensitivity to 160 Hz/g, which is confirmed by the experimental value of 158 Hz/g. Trans-resistance amplifiers are designed and integrated on the same chip for output signal amplification and processing. The 50-/spl mu/m thickness of the high-aspect ratio MEMS structure has no effect on the amplification factor of the mechanism but contributes to a greater capacitance force; therefore, the resonator can be actuated by a much lower ac voltage comparing to the 2-/spl mu/m-thick DETF resonators. The testing results agree with the designed sensitivity for static acceleration.

Testing of droplet-based microelectrofluidic systems

Abstract: Composite microsystems that integrate mechanical and fluidic components are fast emerging as the next generation of system-on-chip designs. As these systems become widespread in safety-critical biomedical applications, dependability emerges as a critical performance parameter. In this paper, we present a costeffective concurrent test methodology for droplet-based microelectrofluidic systems. We present a classification of catastrophic and parametric faults in such systems and show how faults can be detected by electrostatically controlling and tracking droplet motion. We then present tolerance analysis based on Monte-Carlo simulations to characterize the impact of parameter variations on system performance. To the best of our knowledge, this constitutes the first attempt to define a fault model and to develop a test methodology for droplet-based microelectrofluidic systems.

Parallel Scan-Like Test and Multiple-Defect Diagnosis for Digital Microfluidic Biochips

Abstract: Dependability is an important attribute for microfluidic biochips that are used for safety-critical applications such as point-of-care health assessment, air-quality monitoring, and food-safety testing. Therefore, these devices must be adequately tested after manufacture and during bioassay operations. We propose a parallel scan-like testing methodology for digital microfluidic devices. A diagnosis method based on test outcomes is also proposed. The diagnosis technique is enhanced such that multiple defect sites can be efficiently located using parallel scan-like testing. Defect diagnosis can be used to reconfigure a digital microfluidic biochip such that faults can be avoided, thereby enhancing chip yield and defect tolerance. We evaluate the proposed method using complexity analysis as well as applying it to a fabricated biochip.