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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

A pandemic of the poor: social disadvantage and the U.S. HIV epidemic.

TLDR
The interlocking relationships between biological, social, and behavioral factors that drive HIV/AIDS epidemics are discussed and the social positions of those most affected by HIV and AIDS are described, particularly racial and gender groups.
Abstract
The U.S. HIV/AIDS epidemic has evolved over the past 30 years and is now concentrated in socially marginalized and disenfranchised communities. The health disparities in this epidemic are striking, with most HIV infections occurring in sexual minorities and communities of color. While widely recognized, the health disparities in HIV and AIDS are not often discussed. In this article, we examine the factors underlying health disparities in the U.S. HIV epidemic. We first discuss the interlocking relationships between biological, social, and behavioral factors that drive HIV/AIDS epidemics. Guided by a well-established conceptual model of health disparities, we then describe the social positions of those most affected by HIV and AIDS, particularly racial and gender groups. Structural and economic conditions-including environmental resources, constraints, access to care, and psychosocial influences-are examined in relation to HIV disease trajectories. Greater attention to contextual factors and comorbidities is needed to reduce the health disparities in HIV/AIDS.

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A Win for the Middle Class? A Qualitative Study Mapping “Benefits” from the National Quarantine

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present certain unobvious benefits of the spring quarantine noticed by members of the Polish middle class, such as more time and regeneration; attention to relationships; professional and skills development; and space for reflection with a global perspective.
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Advancing research for HIV prevention among African, Caribbean and Black men: Protocol for a multisite cross-sectional study in Ontario (weSpeak study)

TL;DR: WeSpeak as discussed by the authors is a multisite (Ottawa, Toronto, London, and Windsor) project that is aiming to assess the sociocultural and socio-political conditions that contribute to HIV related health disparities among ACB men, including their social identities related to race, class, gender and sexualities.
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Principles for Ending HIV as an Epidemic in the United States: A Policy Paper of IDSA and HIVMA.

TL;DR: Ten key principles for policy reforms that if advanced would make ending the HIV epidemic in the U.S. possible and could have much more far-reaching effects in improving the health of the nation are outlined.
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Retrospective Network Imputation from Life History Data: The Impact of Designs:

TL;DR: Choice of survey design and parameters used can drastically change the amount of missingness in the dataset, and differences in missingness have a large impact on the quality of retrospective parameter estimation and network imputation, including important effects on properties related to disease transmission.
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COVID-19, Retention in HIV Care, and Access to Ancillary Services for Young Black Men Living with HIV in Chicago

TL;DR: In this article , the authors conducted 28 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with Young Black Men who have Sex with Men in Chicago to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on their HIV care and ancillary service access.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study

TL;DR: For example, this article found a strong relationship between the breadth of exposure to abuse or household dysfunction during childhood and multiple risk factors for several of the leading causes of death in adults.
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A Threat in the Air How Stereotypes Shape Intellectual Identity and Performance

TL;DR: Research shows that this threat dramatically depresses the standardized test performance of women and African Americans who are in the academic vanguard of their groups, that it causes disidentification with school, and that practices that reduce this threat can reduce these negative effects.
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American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that racial segregation is crucial to explaining the emergence of the urban underclass during the 1970s and that a strong interaction between rising rates of poverty and high levels of residential segregation explains where, why and in which groups the underclass arose.
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Social Conditions as Fundamental Causes of Disease

TL;DR: It is argued that social factors such as socioeconomic status and social support are likely 'fundamental causes" of disease that affect multiple disease outcomes through multiple mechanisms, and consequently maintain an association with disease even when intervening mechanisms change.
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Adherence to protease inhibitor therapy and outcomes in patients with HIV infection.

TL;DR: Given the critical importance of adherence to therapy to patient outcome, secondary prevention of HIV infection, and willingness of providers to prescribe therapy, this prospectively investigated the association between protease inhibitor adherence and patient outcome and factors related to adherence.
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