A pandemic of the poor: social disadvantage and the U.S. HIV epidemic.
TLDR
The interlocking relationships between biological, social, and behavioral factors that drive HIV/AIDS epidemics are discussed and the social positions of those most affected by HIV and AIDS are described, particularly racial and gender groups.Abstract:
The U.S. HIV/AIDS epidemic has evolved over the past 30 years and is now concentrated in socially marginalized and disenfranchised communities. The health disparities in this epidemic are striking, with most HIV infections occurring in sexual minorities and communities of color. While widely recognized, the health disparities in HIV and AIDS are not often discussed. In this article, we examine the factors underlying health disparities in the U.S. HIV epidemic. We first discuss the interlocking relationships between biological, social, and behavioral factors that drive HIV/AIDS epidemics. Guided by a well-established conceptual model of health disparities, we then describe the social positions of those most affected by HIV and AIDS, particularly racial and gender groups. Structural and economic conditions-including environmental resources, constraints, access to care, and psychosocial influences-are examined in relation to HIV disease trajectories. Greater attention to contextual factors and comorbidities is needed to reduce the health disparities in HIV/AIDS.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Preventing cardiovascular disease in midlife women with HIV: An examination of facilitators and barriers to heart health behaviors
Amelia M. Stanton,Georgia Goodman,Gregory K. Robbins,Sara E. Looby,Jahniece Williams,Christina Psaros,Greer A. Raggio +6 more
TL;DR: Midlife women with HIV may benefit from tailored CVD prevention interventions that target their unique motivations and barriers to healthy behaviors, which has important implications for minimizing the negative impact of HIV-related noncommunicable diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Application of case study to introduce medical students to molecular biology techniques used in HIV diagnostics
Kinga A. Kocemba-Pilarczyk,Barbara Ostrowska,Paulina Dudzik,Michał J. Markiewicz,Débora Sotirios Souza Pegos,Chaewon Lim +5 more
TL;DR: The presented case study aims at familiarizing the students with basic molecular biology techniques such as enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot, and quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, thereby integrating basic knowledge of molecular biology laboratory techniques, HIV biology, and immunological response.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health and Substance Use among People with and without HIV
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors found that people with HIV may be particularly vulnerable to the psychological impacts of COVID-19, and participants were recruited from two established cohorts of PWH and HIV− adults with the available pre-pandemic baseline data and completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Alcohol Use Identification Test (AUDIT), National Institute on Drug Abuse Quick Screen (NIDA-QS), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) at two distinct intra-Pandemic time periods.
Journal ArticleDOI
Relative frequency of avascular necrosis of the hip as indication for primary Total Hip Arthroplasty in the USA vs. India.
Ramakanth Yakkanti,Sagie Haziza,Nathan Wasserman,Adarsh Annapareddy,V. Ratnakar,Santhosh Karri,Victor Hugo Hernandez,A V Gurava Reddy,Raju Vaishya +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the incidence of indications for THA in the USA as compared to India and to assess whether Avascular Necrosis (AVN) of the Hip is a more frequent indication for ThA in India than in USA.
Posted ContentDOI
Wireless physical activity monitor use among adults living with HIV in a community-based exercise intervention study: a quantitative longitudinal observational study
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined the use of wireless physical activity monitor (WPAM) and its associations with contextual factors (age, highest education level, social support, mental health) among adults living with HIV engaged in a community-based exercise intervention.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study
Vincent J. Felitti,Robert F. Anda,Dale F. Nordenberg,David F. Williamson,Alison M. Spitz,Valerie J. Edwards,Mary P. Koss,James S. Marks +7 more
TL;DR: For example, this article found a strong relationship between the breadth of exposure to abuse or household dysfunction during childhood and multiple risk factors for several of the leading causes of death in adults.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Threat in the Air How Stereotypes Shape Intellectual Identity and Performance
TL;DR: Research shows that this threat dramatically depresses the standardized test performance of women and African Americans who are in the academic vanguard of their groups, that it causes disidentification with school, and that practices that reduce this threat can reduce these negative effects.
Journal ArticleDOI
American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that racial segregation is crucial to explaining the emergence of the urban underclass during the 1970s and that a strong interaction between rising rates of poverty and high levels of residential segregation explains where, why and in which groups the underclass arose.
Journal ArticleDOI
Social Conditions as Fundamental Causes of Disease
Bruce G. Link,Jo C. Phelan +1 more
TL;DR: It is argued that social factors such as socioeconomic status and social support are likely 'fundamental causes" of disease that affect multiple disease outcomes through multiple mechanisms, and consequently maintain an association with disease even when intervening mechanisms change.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adherence to protease inhibitor therapy and outcomes in patients with HIV infection.
David L. Paterson,Susan Swindells,J. Mohr,Michelle Brester,Emanuel N. Vergis,Cheryl Squier,Marilyn M. Wagener,Nina Singh +7 more
TL;DR: Given the critical importance of adherence to therapy to patient outcome, secondary prevention of HIV infection, and willingness of providers to prescribe therapy, this prospectively investigated the association between protease inhibitor adherence and patient outcome and factors related to adherence.
Related Papers (5)
Prevention of HIV-1 Infection with Early Antiretroviral Therapy
Myron S. Cohen,Ying Q. Chen,Marybeth McCauley,Theresa Gamble,Mina C. Hosseinipour,Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy,James Hakim,Johnstone Kumwenda,Beatriz Grinsztejn,José Henrique Pilotto,Sheela Godbole,Sanjay Mehendale,Suwat Chariyalertsak,Breno Santos,Kenneth H. Mayer,Irving F. Hoffman,Susan H. Eshleman,Estelle Piwowar-Manning,Lei Wang,Joseph Makhema,Lisa A. Mills,Guy de Bruyn,Ian Sanne,Joseph J. Eron,Joel E. Gallant,Diane V. Havlir,Susan Swindells,Heather J. Ribaudo,Vanessa Elharrar,David N. Burns,Taha E. Taha,Karin Nielsen-Saines,David D. Celentano,Myron Essex,Thomas R. Fleming +34 more
Psychiatric Disorders and Drug Use Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Adults in the United States
Eric G. Bing,M. Audrey Burnam,Douglas Longshore,Douglas Longshore,John A. Fleishman,Cathy D. Sherbourne,Andrew S. London,Barbara J. Turner,Ferd Eggan,Robin L. Beckman,Benedetto Vitiello,Sally C. Morton,Maria Orlando,Samuel A. Bozzette,Samuel A. Bozzette,Lucila Ortiz-Barron,Martin F. Shapiro,Martin F. Shapiro +17 more
Preexposure Chemoprophylaxis for HIV Prevention in Men Who Have Sex with Men
Robert M. Grant,Javier R. Lama,Peter L. Anderson,Vanessa McMahan,Albert Y. Liu,Lorena Vargas,Pedro Goicochea,Martin Casapia,Juan Vicente Guanira-Carranza,Maria Esther Ramirez-Cardich,Orlando Montoya-Herrera,Telmo Fernandez,Valdilea G. Veloso,Susan Buchbinder,Suwat Chariyalertsak,Mauro Schechter,Linda-Gail Bekker,Kenneth H. Mayer,Esper G. Kallas,K. Rivet Amico,Kathleen Mulligan,Lane R. Bushman,Robert J. Hance,Carmela Ganoza,Patricia Defechereux,Brian S. Postle,Furong Wang,J. Jeff McConnell,Jia-Hua Zheng,Jeanny Lee,James F. Rooney,Howard S. Jaffe,Ana Martinez,David N. Burns,David V. Glidden +34 more