Journal ArticleDOI
Advancing Maternal Age Is Associated With Increasing Risk for Autism: A Review and Meta-Analysis
Sven Sandin,Sven Sandin,Christina M. Hultman,Alexander Kolevzon,Raz Gross,James H. MacCabe,Abraham Reichenberg +6 more
TLDR
An association between advancing maternal age and risk of autism is supported, and the meta-regression suggested a stronger maternal age effect in the studies with more male offspring and for children diagnosed in later years.Abstract:
Objective We conducted a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies investigating the association between maternal age and autism. Method Using recommended guidelines for performing meta-analyses, we systematically selected, and extracted results from, epidemiological scientific studies reported before January 2012. We calculated pooled risk estimates comparing categories of advancing maternal age with and without adjusting for possible confounding factors. We investigated the influence of gender ratio among cases, ratio of infantile autism to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and median year of diagnosis as effect moderators in mixed-effect meta-regression. Results We found 16 epidemiological papers fulfilling the a priori search criteria. The meta-analysis included 25,687 ASD cases and 8,655,576 control subjects. Comparing mothers ≥35 years with mothers 25 to 29 years old, the crude relative risk (RR) for autism in the offspring was 1.52 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12–1.92). Comparing mothers ≥35 with mothers 25 to 29, the adjusted relative risk (RR) for autism in the offspring was 1.52 (95% CI=1.12–1.92). For mothers Conclusions The results of this meta-analysis support an association between advancing maternal age and risk of autism. The RR increased monotonically with increasing maternal age. The association persisted after the effects of paternal age and other potential confounders had been considered, supporting an independent relation between higher maternal age and autism.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Changing Epidemiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Kristen Lyall,Lisa A. Croen,Julie L. Daniels,M. Daniele Fallin,Christine Ladd-Acosta,Brian K. Lee,Brian K. Lee,Bo Y. Park,Nathaniel W. Snyder,Diana Schendel,Diana Schendel,Heather E. Volk,Gayle C. Windham,Craig J. Newschaffer +13 more
TL;DR: Eviologic investigations focused on nongenetic factors have established advanced parental age and preterm birth as ASD risk factors, indicated that prenatal exposure to air pollution and short interpregnancy interval are potentialrisk factors, and suggested the need for further exploration of certain prenatal nutrients, metabolic conditions, and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Identification, Evaluation, and Management of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.
TL;DR: This single clinical report updates the 2007 American Academy of Pediatrics clinical reports on the evaluation and treatment of ASD in one publication with an online table of contents and section view available to help the reader identify topic areas within the report.
Journal ArticleDOI
The contribution of environmental exposure to the etiology of autism spectrum disorder.
TL;DR: It is concluded that future research needs to consider categorical autism, broader autism phenotypes, as well as autistic traits, and examine more homogenous autism variants by subgroup stratification to enhance the understanding of role of environmental factors in the etiology of ASD.
Journal ArticleDOI
Systematic Review of the Prevalence and Incidence of Intellectual Disabilities: Current Trends and Issues
TL;DR: Heterogeneity in study settings, methodologies, age groups, and case definitions contributed to a range of prevalence estimates, and future research should include reproducible and consistent definitions of intellectual disabilities and monitor changes in prevalence over time.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors associated with autism: A meta-analysis.
TL;DR: A meta-analysis confirmed the relation between some prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors with autism, but it was still unclear that whether these factors are causal or play a secondary role in the development of autism.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: Funnel plots, plots of the trials' effect estimates against sample size, are skewed and asymmetrical in the presence of publication bias and other biases Funnel plot asymmetry, measured by regression analysis, predicts discordance of results when meta-analyses are compared with single large trials.
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TL;DR: A checklist contains specifications for reporting of meta-analyses of observational studies in epidemiology, including background, search strategy, methods, results, discussion, and conclusion should improve the usefulness ofMeta-an analyses for authors, reviewers, editors, readers, and decision makers.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Strong Association of De Novo Copy Number Mutations with Autism
Jonathan Sebat,B. Lakshmi,Dheeraj Malhotra,Jennifer Troge,Christa Lese-Martin,Tom Walsh,Boris Yamrom,Seungtai Yoon,Alexander Krasnitz,Jude Kendall,Anthony Leotta,Deepa Pai,Ray Zhang,Yoon-ha Lee,James W. Hicks,Sarah J. Spence,Annette Lee,Kaija Puura,Terho Lehtimäki,David H. Ledbetter,Peter K. Gregersen,Joel D. Bregman,James S. Sutcliffe,Vaidehi Jobanputra,Wendy K. Chung,Dorothy Warburton,Mary Claire King,David Skuse,Daniel H. Geschwind,T. Conrad Gilliam,Kenny Ye,Michael Wigler +31 more
TL;DR: Findings establish de novo germline mutation as a more significant risk factor for ASD than previously recognized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Autism as a strongly genetic disorder: evidence from a British twin study.
Anthony J. Bailey,A. Le Couteur,Irving I. Gottesman,Patrick Bolton,Emily Simonoff,E. Yuzda,Michael Rutter +6 more
TL;DR: The findings indicate that autism is under a high degree of genetic control and suggest the involvement of multiple genetic loci.
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Augustine Kong,Michael L. Frigge,Gisli Masson,Søren Besenbacher,Søren Besenbacher,Patrick Sulem,Gisli Magnusson,Sigurjon A. Gudjonsson,Asgeir Sigurdsson,Aslaug Jonasdottir,Adalbjorg Jonasdottir,Wendy S.W. Wong,Gunnar Th. Sigurdsson,G. Bragi Walters,Stacy Steinberg,Hannes Helgason,Gudmar Thorleifsson,Daniel F. Gudbjartsson,Agnar Helgason,Agnar Helgason,Olafur T. Magnusson,Unnur Thorsteinsdottir,Unnur Thorsteinsdottir,Kari Stefansson,Kari Stefansson +24 more