Arsenic toxicity: The effects on plant metabolism
Patrick M. Finnegan,Weihua Chen +1 more
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TLDR
The two forms of inorganic arsenic, arsenate (AsV) and arsenite (AsIII), are easily taken up by the cells of the plant root Once in the cell, AsV can be readily converted to AsIII, the more toxic of the two forms AsV and AsIII both disrupt plant metabolism, but through distinct mechanisms as mentioned in this paper.Abstract:
The two forms of inorganic arsenic, arsenate (AsV) and arsenite (AsIII), are easily taken up by the cells of the plant root Once in the cell, AsV can be readily converted to AsIII, the more toxic of the two forms AsV and AsIII both disrupt plant metabolism, but through distinct mechanisms AsV is a chemical analog of phosphate that can disrupt at least some phosphate-dependent aspects of metabolism AsV can be translocated across cellular membranes by phosphate transport proteins, leading to imbalances in phosphate supply It can compete with phosphate during phosphorylation reactions, leading to the formation of AsV adducts that are often unstable and short-lived As an example, the formation and rapid autohydrolysis of AsV-ADP sets in place a futile cycle that uncouples photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation, decreasing the ability of cells to produce ATP and carry out normal metabolism AsIII is a dithiol reactive compound that binds to and potentially inactivates enzymes containing closely spaced cysteine residues or dithiol co-factors Arsenic exposure generally induces the production of reactive oxygen species that can lead to the production of antioxidant metabolites and numerous enzymes involved in antioxidant defense Oxidative carbon metabolism, amino acid and protein relationships, and nitrogen and sulfur assimilation pathways are also impacted by As exposure Readjustment of several metabolic pathways, such as glutathione production, has been shown to lead to increased arsenic tolerance in plants Species- and cultivar-dependent variation in arsenic sensitivity and the remodeling of metabolite pools that occurs in response to As exposure gives hope that additional metabolic pathways associated with As tolerance will be identifiedread more
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A New Strategy for Heavy Metal Polluted Environments: A Review of Microbial Biosorbents
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References
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Rachel Clifton,Ryan Lister,Karen L. Parker,Pia G. Sappl,Dina Elhafez,A. Harvey Millar,David A. Day,James Whelan +7 more
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The influence of chemical form and concentration of arsenic on rice growth and tissue arsenic concentration
TL;DR: Arsenic absorption by rice (Oryza sativa, L.) in relation to the chemical form and concentration of arsenic added in nutrient solution was examined in this article, where a 4 × 3 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted with treatments consisting of four arsenic chemical forms [arsenite, As(III); arsenate, As (V); monomethyl arsenic acid, MMAA; and dimethyl arsenic acid (DMAA), three arsenic concentrations [0.05, 0.2, and 0.8 mg As L-1], and two cultivars [
Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluation of arsenate- and vanadate-associated changes of electrical membrane potential and phosphate transport in Lemna gibba G1
TL;DR: Arsenate proved to be competitive with the highand low-affinity phosphate uptake system and induced transient membrane potential changes of up to 120 mV which were similar to those induced by phosphate and indicated a cotransport mechanism with at least 2H+/H2As04.
Journal ArticleDOI
The potential of Thai indigenous plant species for the phytoremediation of arsenic contaminated land.
TL;DR: The ferns were by far the most proficient plants at accumulating arsenic from soil, attaining concentrations of up to 8350 microg g(-1) (dry mass) in the frond.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phytochelatins are involved in differential arsenate tolerance in Holcus lanatus.
Jeanette Hartley-Whitaker,Gillian Ainsworth,Riet Vooijs,Wilma M. ten Bookum,Henk Schat,Andrew A. Meharg +5 more
TL;DR: Evidence is provided for the role of phytochelatins in the detoxification of arsenate in arsenate-tolerant Holcus lanatus and the results suggest that arsenate tolerance in H. lanatus requires both adaptive suppression of the high-affinity phosphate uptake system and constitutive phytOChelatin production.