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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Autism risk factors: genes, environment, and gene-environment interactions.

TLDR
The aim of this review is to summarize the key findings from genetic and epidemiological research, which show that autism is a complex disorder resulting from the combination of genetic and environmental factors.
Abstract
The aim of this review is to summarize the key findings from genetic and epidemiological research, which show that autism is a complex disorder resulting from the combination of genetic and environmental factors. Remarkable advances in the knowledge of genetic causes of autism have resulted from the great efforts made in the field of genetics. The identification of specific alleles contributing to the autism spectrum has supplied important pieces for the autism puzzle. However, many questions remain unanswered, and new questions are raised by recent results. Moreover, given the amount of evidence supporting a significant contribution of environmental factors to autism risk, it is now clear that the search for environmental factors should be reinforced. One aspect of this search that has been neglected so far is the study of interactions between genes and environmental factors.

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Citations
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Journal Article

The genetics of autism spectrum disorders and related neuropsychiatric disorders in childhood

TL;DR: For instance, the authors found that monozygotic twins had higher concordance rates than dizygotic twins for autism spectrum disorders, attention defcit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), developmental coordination disorder, and tic disorder.
Journal ArticleDOI

An Overview of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Heterogeneity and Treatment Options

TL;DR: This review provides a broad overview of the history, prevalence, etiology, clinical presentation, and heterogeneity of ASD and explores the potential of a new wave of research examining objective biomarkers to facilitate the evaluation of sub-typing, diagnosis, and treatment response in ASD.
Journal ArticleDOI

Genetic Causes and Modifiers of Autism Spectrum Disorder

TL;DR: The genetic landscape of ASD is described and it is discussed how genetic modifiers such as copy number variation, single nucleotide polymorphisms, and epigenetic alterations likely play a key role in modulating the phenotypic spectrum of ASD patients.
Journal ArticleDOI

An epigenetic framework for neurodevelopmental disorders: from pathogenesis to potential therapy.

Millan Mark
- 01 May 2013 - 
TL;DR: A broad-based epigenetic framework is advocated for understanding and ultimately treating a diverse assemblage of NDDs ("epigenopathies") lying at the interface of genetic, developmental and environmental processes.
Journal ArticleDOI

Genetic Epidemiology and Insights into Interactive Genetic and Environmental Effects in Autism Spectrum Disorders

TL;DR: Use of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as a paradigmatic neurodevelopmental disorder and how genetic epidemiology approaches including gene-environment interactions (G×E) can play a role in identifying factors associated with ASD etiology are reviewed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

TL;DR: An issue concerning the criteria for tic disorders is highlighted, and how this might affect classification of dyskinesias in psychotic spectrum disorders.
Journal ArticleDOI

Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated a consecutive series of children with chronic enterocolitis and regressive developmental disorder, and identified associated gastrointestinal disease and developmental regression in a group of previously normal children, which was generally associated in time with possible environmental triggers.
Journal ArticleDOI

Autism as a strongly genetic disorder: evidence from a British twin study.

TL;DR: The findings indicate that autism is under a high degree of genetic control and suggest the involvement of multiple genetic loci.
Related Papers (5)
Trending Questions (3)
What are the risk factors for autism?

The paper states that autism is a complex disorder resulting from the combination of genetic and environmental factors. It mentions that remarkable advances have been made in understanding the genetic causes of autism, but the search for environmental factors and gene-environment interactions should be reinforced. However, it does not specifically list the risk factors for autism.

What are the Risk factors for autism?

The paper states that autism is a complex disorder resulting from the combination of genetic and environmental factors. It mentions that remarkable advances have been made in the knowledge of genetic causes of autism, but many questions remain unanswered. The search for environmental factors should be reinforced, including the study of interactions between genes and environmental factors.

What are the major contributing factors for autism?

The major contributing factors for autism are a combination of genetic and environmental factors, including specific alleles and interactions between genes and environmental factors.