Autism risk factors: genes, environment, and gene-environment interactions.
Pauline Chaste,Marion Leboyer +1 more
TLDR
The aim of this review is to summarize the key findings from genetic and epidemiological research, which show that autism is a complex disorder resulting from the combination of genetic and environmental factors.Abstract:
The aim of this review is to summarize the key findings from genetic and epidemiological research, which show that autism is a complex disorder resulting from the combination of genetic and environmental factors. Remarkable advances in the knowledge of genetic causes of autism have resulted from the great efforts made in the field of genetics. The identification of specific alleles contributing to the autism spectrum has supplied important pieces for the autism puzzle. However, many questions remain unanswered, and new questions are raised by recent results. Moreover, given the amount of evidence supporting a significant contribution of environmental factors to autism risk, it is now clear that the search for environmental factors should be reinforced. One aspect of this search that has been neglected so far is the study of interactions between genes and environmental factors.read more
Citations
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The genetics of autism spectrum disorders and related neuropsychiatric disorders in childhood
TL;DR: For instance, the authors found that monozygotic twins had higher concordance rates than dizygotic twins for autism spectrum disorders, attention defcit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), developmental coordination disorder, and tic disorder.
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An Overview of Autism Spectrum Disorder, Heterogeneity and Treatment Options
TL;DR: This review provides a broad overview of the history, prevalence, etiology, clinical presentation, and heterogeneity of ASD and explores the potential of a new wave of research examining objective biomarkers to facilitate the evaluation of sub-typing, diagnosis, and treatment response in ASD.
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Genetic Causes and Modifiers of Autism Spectrum Disorder
TL;DR: The genetic landscape of ASD is described and it is discussed how genetic modifiers such as copy number variation, single nucleotide polymorphisms, and epigenetic alterations likely play a key role in modulating the phenotypic spectrum of ASD patients.
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An epigenetic framework for neurodevelopmental disorders: from pathogenesis to potential therapy.
TL;DR: A broad-based epigenetic framework is advocated for understanding and ultimately treating a diverse assemblage of NDDs ("epigenopathies") lying at the interface of genetic, developmental and environmental processes.
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Genetic Epidemiology and Insights into Interactive Genetic and Environmental Effects in Autism Spectrum Disorders
TL;DR: Use of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as a paradigmatic neurodevelopmental disorder and how genetic epidemiology approaches including gene-environment interactions (G×E) can play a role in identifying factors associated with ASD etiology are reviewed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Vijay A. Mittal,Elaine F. Walker +1 more
TL;DR: An issue concerning the criteria for tic disorders is highlighted, and how this might affect classification of dyskinesias in psychotic spectrum disorders.
Journal Article
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Journal ArticleDOI
Strong Association of De Novo Copy Number Mutations with Autism
Jonathan Sebat,B. Lakshmi,Dheeraj Malhotra,Jennifer Troge,Christa Lese-Martin,Tom Walsh,Boris Yamrom,Seungtai Yoon,Alexander Krasnitz,Jude Kendall,Anthony Leotta,Deepa Pai,Ray Zhang,Yoon-ha Lee,James W. Hicks,Sarah J. Spence,Annette Lee,Kaija Puura,Terho Lehtimäki,David H. Ledbetter,Peter K. Gregersen,Joel D. Bregman,James S. Sutcliffe,Vaidehi Jobanputra,Wendy K. Chung,Dorothy Warburton,Mary Claire King,David Skuse,Daniel H. Geschwind,T. Conrad Gilliam,Kenny Ye,Michael Wigler +31 more
TL;DR: Findings establish de novo germline mutation as a more significant risk factor for ASD than previously recognized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children
Andrew J. Wakefield,S. H. Murch,A Anthony,J Linnell,D M Casson,M Malik,M Berelowitz,Ap Dhillon,Mike Thomson,Peter Harvey,A Valentine,S Davies,J A Walker-Smith +12 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated a consecutive series of children with chronic enterocolitis and regressive developmental disorder, and identified associated gastrointestinal disease and developmental regression in a group of previously normal children, which was generally associated in time with possible environmental triggers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Autism as a strongly genetic disorder: evidence from a British twin study.
Anthony J. Bailey,A. Le Couteur,Irving I. Gottesman,Patrick Bolton,Emily Simonoff,E. Yuzda,Michael Rutter +6 more
TL;DR: The findings indicate that autism is under a high degree of genetic control and suggest the involvement of multiple genetic loci.
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