Body mass index, waist circumference and waist:hip ratio as predictors of cardiovascular risk—a review of the literature
TLDR
An overview of the current evidence-base is provided focusing predominantly on three main questions: which, if any, of the commonly used anthropometric measures to define excess weight is more strongly associated with cardiovascular risk?Abstract:
Overweight and obesity have become a major public health problem in both developing and developed countries as they are causally related to a wide spectrum of chronic diseases including type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. However, uncertainty regarding the most appropriate means by which to define excess body weight remains. Traditionally, body mass index (BMI) has been the most widely used method by which to determine the prevalence of overweight in, and across, populations as well as an individual's level of risk. However, in recent years, measures of central obesity, principally waist circumference and the waist:hip ratio and to a lesser extent the waist:height ratio, which more accurately describe the distribution of body fat compared with BMI, have been suggested to be more closely associated with subsequent morbidity and mortality. There is also uncertainty about how these measures perform across diverse ethnic groups; earlier, most of the evidence regarding the relationships between excess weight and risk has been derived chiefly from Caucasian populations, and hence, it remains unclear whether the relationships are consistent in non-Caucasian populations. The purpose of this review, therefore, is to provide an overview of the current evidence-base focusing predominantly on three main questions: (1) Which, if any, of the commonly used anthropometric measures to define excess weight is more strongly associated with cardiovascular risk? (2) Which of the anthropometric measures is a better discriminator of risk? and (3) Are there any notable differences in the strength and nature of these associations across diverse ethnic groups?read more
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Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: A pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19.2 million participants
Mariachiara Di Cesare,Mariachiara Di Cesare,James Bentham,Gretchen A Stevens,Bin Zhou,Goodarz Danaei,Yuan Lu,Honor Bixby,Melanie J. Cowan,Leanne M. Riley,Kaveh Hajifathalian,Lea Fortunato,Cristina Taddei,James E. Bennett,Nayu Ikeda,Young-Ho Khang,Catherine Kyobutungi,Avula Laxmaiah,Yanping Li,Hsien-Ho Lin,J. Jaime Miranda,Aya Mostafa,Maria L. Turley,Christopher J. Paciorek,Marc J. Gunter,Majid Ezzati,Ziad Abdeen,Zargar Abdul Hamid,Niveen M E Abu-Rmeileh,Benjamin Acosta-Cazares,Robert J. Adams,Wichai Aekplakorn,Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas,Alireza Ahmadvand,Wolfgang Ahrens,Mohamed M. Ali,Ala'a Alkerwi,Mar Alvarez-Pedrerol,Eman Aly,Philippe Amouyel,Antoinette Amuzu,Lars Bo Andersen,Sigmund A. Anderssen,Dolores S Andrade,Ranjit Mohan Anjana,Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri,Inger Ariansen,Tahir Aris,Nimmathota Arlappa,Dominique Arveiler,Felix K. Assah,Maria Avdicova,Fereidoun Azizi,Bontha V. Babu,Nagalla Balakrishna,Piotr Bandosz,José R. Banegas,Carlo M. Barbagallo,Alberto Barceló,Amina Barkat,Mauro Virgílio Gomes de Barros,Iqbal Bata,Anwar Batieha,Rosangela Fernandes Lucena Batista,Louise A. Baur,Robert Beaglehole,Habiba Ben Romdhane,Mikhail Benet,Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz,Gailute Bernotiene,Heloisa Bettiol,Aroor Bhagyalaxmi,Sumit Bharadwaj,Santosh K. Bhargava,Zaid Bhatti,Zulfiqar A Bhutta,Hongsheng Bi,Yufang Bi,Peter Bjerregaard,Espen Bjertness,Marius B. Bjertness,Cecilia Björkelund,Margaret Blake,Anneke Blokstra,Simona Bo,Martin Bobak,Lynne M. Boddy,Bernhard O. Boehm,Heiner Boeing,Carlos P. Boissonnet,Vanina Bongard,Pascal Bovet,Lutgart Braeckman,Marjolijn C. E. Bragt,Imperia Brajkovich,Francesco Branca,Juergen Breckenkamp,Hermann Brenner,Lizzy M. Brewster,Garry Brian,Graziella Bruno,H. B. Bueno-De-Mesquita,Anna Bugge,Con Burns,Antonio Cabrera de León,Joseph Cacciottolo,Tilema Cama,Christine Cameron,José Camolas,Günay Can,Ana Paula C. Candido,Vincenzo Capuano,Viviane Cunha Cardoso,Maria João de Carvalho,Felipe F. 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Stergiou,Jochanan Stessman,Jutta Stieber,Doris Stoeckl,Tanja Stocks,Jakub Stokwiszewski,Gareth Stratton,Maria Wany Louzada Strufaldi,Chien-An Sun,Johan Sundström,Yn-Tz Sung,Jordi Sunyer,Paibul Suriyawongpaisal,Boyd Swinburn,Rody G. Sy,Lucjan Szponar,E. Shyong Tai,Mari-Liis Tammesoo,Abdonas Tamosiunas,Line Tang,Xun Tang,Frank Tanser,Yong Tao,Jakob Tarp,Carolina Tarqui-Mamani,Anne W. Taylor,Félicité Tchibindat,Lutgarde Thijs,Betina H. Thuesen,Anne Tjønneland,Hanna Tolonen,Janne Schurmann Tolstrup,Murat Topbaş,Roman Topor-Madry,Maties Torrent,Pierre Traissac,Antonia Trichopoulou,Dimitrios Trichopoulos,Oanh T. H. Trinh,Atul Trivedi,Lechaba Tshepo,Marshall K. Tulloch-Reid,Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen,Jaakko Tuomilehto,Per Tynelius,Themistoklis Tzotzas,Christophe Tzourio,Peter Ueda,Flora Ukoli,Hanno Ulmer,Belgin Ünal,Gonzalo Valdivia,Susana Vale,Damaskini Valvi,Yvonne T. van der Schouw,Koen Van Herck,Hoang Van Minh,Irene G. M. van Valkengoed,Dirk Vanderschueren,Diego Vanuzzo,Lars J. 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Younger-Coleman,Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff,Ahmad Ali Zainuddin,Sabina Zambon,Tomasz Zdrojewski,Yi Zeng,Dongxing Zhao,Wenhua Zhao,Yingfeng Zheng,Maigeng Zhou,Dan Zhu,Esther Zimmermann,Julio Zuñiga Cisneros +741 more
TL;DR: The posterior probability of meeting the target of halting by 2025 the rise in obesity at its 2010 levels, if post-2000 trends continue, is calculated.
Journal ArticleDOI
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David Wormser,Stephen Kaptoge,E Di Angelantonio,Angela M. Wood,Lisa Pennells,Alexander M. W. Cargill Thompson,Nadeem Sarwar,Jorge R. Kizer,Debbie A Lawlor,Børge G. Nordestgaard,Paul M. Ridker,V. Salomaa,June Stevens,Mark Woodward,Naveed Sattar,Rory Collins,Simon G. Thompson,Gary Whitlock,John Danesh +18 more
TL;DR: BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio, whether assessed singly or in combination, do not importantly improve cardiovascular disease risk prediction in people in developed countries when additional information is available for systolic blood pressure, history of diabetes, and lipids.
Journal ArticleDOI
The obesity transition: stages of the global epidemic
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Almost All Antipsychotics Result in Weight Gain: A Meta-Analysis
TL;DR: Almost all AP showed a degree of weight gain after prolonged use, except for amisulpride, aripiprazole and ziprasidone, for which prolonged exposure resulted in negligible weight change, and the rational of switching AP to achieve weight reduction may be overrated.
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