Cardiovascular disease and risk factors in Asia: a selected review.
Hirotsugu Ueshima,Akira Sekikawa,Akira Sekikawa,Katsuyuki Miura,Tanvir Chowdhury Turin,Naoyuki Takashima,Yoshikuni Kita,Makoto Watanabe,Aya Kadota,Nagako Okuda,Takashi Kadowaki,Yasuyuki Nakamura,Yasuyuki Nakamura,Tomonori Okamura +13 more
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TLDR
The existence of higher stroke rates and lower CHD rates in Asian countries than in Western countries and the respective risk factors for this are discussed on the basis of extensive reviews of cohort studies and whether these risk factors differ from those of Western countries are discussed.Abstract:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in Asia is an important issue for world health, because half of the world’s population lives in Asia. Asian countries and regions such as Japan, the Republic of Korea, the People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the Kingdom of Thailand have greater mortality and morbidity from stroke than from coronary heart disease (CHD), whereas the opposite is true in Western countries.1 The reasons why this specific situation is observed in countries with rapid and early-phase westernization, such as Japan and South Korea, are very interesting.
The Seven Countries Study conducted by Keys et al2 in 1957 found that Japanese populations had lower fat intake, lower serum total cholesterol, and lower CHD than populations in the United States and Scandinavia, in spite of higher smoking rates. The serum total cholesterol level in Japan has increased rapidly since World War II in accordance with an increase in dietary fat intake from 10% of total energy intake per capita per day to 25%.1,2 Despite this increase, the specific characteristic of lower CHD incidence and mortality than that in Western countries has persisted.3,4 Whether Japanese people and certain other Asian populations have different risk factors for CHD than Western populations has been a subject of discussion for quite some time.
In this article, we discuss the existence of higher stroke rates and lower CHD rates in Asian countries than in Western countries and the respective risk factors for this on the basis of extensive reviews of cohort studies. We also discuss whether these risk factors differ from those of Western countries. Along with this, we examine the relationship between serum total cholesterol and total stroke and its subtypes. We also address the emerging problems and important issues for CVD prevention in Asia.
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Cross-sectional association of equol producing status with aortic calcification in Japanese men aged 40–79 years
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TL;DR: In this article , the authors measured the urinary levels of equol and isoflavone (ISF)-derived metabolite by the gut microbiome in certain individuals termed equol-producers (EP).
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HOPE Asia Network Activity 2021-Collaboration and perspectives of Asia academic activity.
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Correction to: Different impacts of metabolic profiles on future risk of cardiovascular disease between diabetes with and without established cardiovascular disease: the Japan diabetes complication and its prevention prospective study 7 (JDCP study 7)
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References
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Robert Detrano,Alan D. Guerci,J. Jeffrey Carr,Diane E. Bild,Gregory L. Burke,Aaron R. Folsom,Kiang Liu,Steven Shea,Moyses Szklo,David A. Bluemke,Daniel H. O'Leary,Russell P. Tracy,Karol E. Watson,Nathan D. Wong,Richard A. Kronmal +14 more
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Myocardial infarction and coronary deaths in the World Health Organization MONICA Project. Registration procedures, event rates, and case-fatality rates in 38 populations from 21 countries in four continents.
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Blood cholesterol and vascular mortality by age, sex, and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of individual data from 61 prospective studies with 55,000 vascular deaths.
Sarah Lewington,Gary Whitlock,Robert Clarke,Paul Sherliker,Jonathan Emberson,Jim Halsey,Nawab Qizilbash,Richard Peto,Rory Collins +8 more
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