Cardiovascular disease and risk factors in Asia: a selected review.
Hirotsugu Ueshima,Akira Sekikawa,Akira Sekikawa,Katsuyuki Miura,Tanvir Chowdhury Turin,Naoyuki Takashima,Yoshikuni Kita,Makoto Watanabe,Aya Kadota,Nagako Okuda,Takashi Kadowaki,Yasuyuki Nakamura,Yasuyuki Nakamura,Tomonori Okamura +13 more
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TLDR
The existence of higher stroke rates and lower CHD rates in Asian countries than in Western countries and the respective risk factors for this are discussed on the basis of extensive reviews of cohort studies and whether these risk factors differ from those of Western countries are discussed.Abstract:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in Asia is an important issue for world health, because half of the world’s population lives in Asia. Asian countries and regions such as Japan, the Republic of Korea, the People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the Kingdom of Thailand have greater mortality and morbidity from stroke than from coronary heart disease (CHD), whereas the opposite is true in Western countries.1 The reasons why this specific situation is observed in countries with rapid and early-phase westernization, such as Japan and South Korea, are very interesting.
The Seven Countries Study conducted by Keys et al2 in 1957 found that Japanese populations had lower fat intake, lower serum total cholesterol, and lower CHD than populations in the United States and Scandinavia, in spite of higher smoking rates. The serum total cholesterol level in Japan has increased rapidly since World War II in accordance with an increase in dietary fat intake from 10% of total energy intake per capita per day to 25%.1,2 Despite this increase, the specific characteristic of lower CHD incidence and mortality than that in Western countries has persisted.3,4 Whether Japanese people and certain other Asian populations have different risk factors for CHD than Western populations has been a subject of discussion for quite some time.
In this article, we discuss the existence of higher stroke rates and lower CHD rates in Asian countries than in Western countries and the respective risk factors for this on the basis of extensive reviews of cohort studies. We also discuss whether these risk factors differ from those of Western countries. Along with this, we examine the relationship between serum total cholesterol and total stroke and its subtypes. We also address the emerging problems and important issues for CVD prevention in Asia.
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One-Year Outcomes After Minor Stroke or High-Risk Transient Ischemic Attack: Korean Multicenter Stroke Registry Analysis.
Hong Kyun Park,Beom Joon Kim,Moon Ku Han,Jong-Moo Park,Kyusik Kang,Soo Joo Lee,Jae Guk Kim,Jae Kwan Cha,Dae-Hyun Kim,Hyun Wook Nah,Tai Hwan Park,Sang-Soon Park,Kyung Bok Lee,Jun Lee,Keun-Sik Hong,Yong-Jin Cho,Byung-Chul Lee,Kyung Ho Yu,Mi Sun Oh,Joon-Tae Kim,Kang Ho Choi,Dong-Eog Kim,Wi Sun Ryu,Jay Chol Choi,Saga Johansson,Su Jin Lee,Su Jin Lee,Won Hee Lee,Ji Sung Lee,Juneyoung Lee,Juneyoung Lee,Hee-Joon Bae +31 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a study aimed to evaluate contemporary subsequent vascular event risk after minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemmic attack in Korea, and explored differences in clinical characteristics and event rates according to antithrombotic strategies at discharge.
Journal ArticleDOI
What does serum γ-glutamyltransferase tell us as a cardiometabolic risk marker?
Sudha Bulusu,Manisha Sharma +1 more
TL;DR: There is robust evidence that γ-glutamyltransferase even when values are within the reference interval is associated with increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in both sexes, in normal subjects and subjects with coronary artery disease, in the middle-aged and the elderly after adjusting for confounding factors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of aortic aneurysms in cardiovascular disease patients harboring Porphyromonas gingivalis.
Kazuhiko Nakano,Koichiro Wada,Ryota Nomura,Hirotoshi Nemoto,Hiroaki Inaba,Ayuchi Kojima,Shuhei Naka,Kazuya Hokamura,T. Mukai,Atsushi Nakajima,Kazuo Umemura,Yoshinori Kamisaki,Hideo Yoshioka,K. Taniguchi,Atsuo Amano,Takashi Ooshima +15 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that aortic aneurysms in patients harboring oral P. gingivalis have greater expression of S100A9 and proliferative smooth muscle cells, which was different from the present patients without oral G. gedivalis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Profiling of plasma metabolites in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome
Miho Iida,Sei Harada,Ayako Kurihara,Kota Fukai,Kazuyo Kuwabara,Daisuke Sugiyama,Ayano Takeuchi,Tomonori Okamura,Miki Akiyama,Yuji Nishiwaki,A. Suzuki,Akiyoshi Hirayama,Masahiro Sugimoto,Tomoyoshi Soga,Masaru Tomita,Kouji Banno,Daisuke Aoki,Toru Takebayashi +17 more
TL;DR: Large-scale metabolomic profiling indicates that Japanese postmenopausal women with MetS have abnormal polar metabolites, suggesting altered catabolic pathways, and may help to understand metabolic disturbance, including in persons with normal body mass index and relatively high levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adherence to the dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet and risk of stroke: A meta-analysis of prospective studies.
TL;DR: Higher adherence to the DASH diet is associated with a decreased risk of stroke, and this benefit seemed to be greater in the Asian than in the Western populations.
References
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Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins.
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Coronary calcium as a predictor of coronary events in four racial or ethnic groups.
Robert Detrano,Alan D. Guerci,J. Jeffrey Carr,Diane E. Bild,Gregory L. Burke,Aaron R. Folsom,Kiang Liu,Steven Shea,Moyses Szklo,David A. Bluemke,Daniel H. O'Leary,Russell P. Tracy,Karol E. Watson,Nathan D. Wong,Richard A. Kronmal +14 more
TL;DR: The coronary calcium score is a strong predictor of incident coronary heart disease and provides predictive information beyond that provided by standard risk factors in four major racial and ethnic groups in the United States.
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Myocardial infarction and coronary deaths in the World Health Organization MONICA Project. Registration procedures, event rates, and case-fatality rates in 38 populations from 21 countries in four continents.
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Blood cholesterol and vascular mortality by age, sex, and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of individual data from 61 prospective studies with 55,000 vascular deaths.
Sarah Lewington,Gary Whitlock,Robert Clarke,Paul Sherliker,Jonathan Emberson,Jim Halsey,Nawab Qizilbash,Richard Peto,Rory Collins +8 more
TL;DR: There is conclusive evidence from randomised trials that statins substantially reduce not only coronary event rates but also total stroke rates in patients with a wide range of ages and blood pressures.
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