Cardiovascular disease and risk factors in Asia: a selected review.
Hirotsugu Ueshima,Akira Sekikawa,Akira Sekikawa,Katsuyuki Miura,Tanvir Chowdhury Turin,Naoyuki Takashima,Yoshikuni Kita,Makoto Watanabe,Aya Kadota,Nagako Okuda,Takashi Kadowaki,Yasuyuki Nakamura,Yasuyuki Nakamura,Tomonori Okamura +13 more
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TLDR
The existence of higher stroke rates and lower CHD rates in Asian countries than in Western countries and the respective risk factors for this are discussed on the basis of extensive reviews of cohort studies and whether these risk factors differ from those of Western countries are discussed.Abstract:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in Asia is an important issue for world health, because half of the world’s population lives in Asia. Asian countries and regions such as Japan, the Republic of Korea, the People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the Kingdom of Thailand have greater mortality and morbidity from stroke than from coronary heart disease (CHD), whereas the opposite is true in Western countries.1 The reasons why this specific situation is observed in countries with rapid and early-phase westernization, such as Japan and South Korea, are very interesting.
The Seven Countries Study conducted by Keys et al2 in 1957 found that Japanese populations had lower fat intake, lower serum total cholesterol, and lower CHD than populations in the United States and Scandinavia, in spite of higher smoking rates. The serum total cholesterol level in Japan has increased rapidly since World War II in accordance with an increase in dietary fat intake from 10% of total energy intake per capita per day to 25%.1,2 Despite this increase, the specific characteristic of lower CHD incidence and mortality than that in Western countries has persisted.3,4 Whether Japanese people and certain other Asian populations have different risk factors for CHD than Western populations has been a subject of discussion for quite some time.
In this article, we discuss the existence of higher stroke rates and lower CHD rates in Asian countries than in Western countries and the respective risk factors for this on the basis of extensive reviews of cohort studies. We also discuss whether these risk factors differ from those of Western countries. Along with this, we examine the relationship between serum total cholesterol and total stroke and its subtypes. We also address the emerging problems and important issues for CVD prevention in Asia.
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International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems
TL;DR: There is substantial global variation in the relative burden of stroke compared with IHD, and the disproportionate burden from stroke for many lower-income countries suggests that distinct interventions may be required.
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Prediction of progression of coronary artery disease and clinical outcomes using vascular profiling of endothelial shear stress and arterial plaque characteristics: the PREDICTION Study.
Peter Stone,Shigeru Saito,Saeko Takahashi,Yasuhiro Makita,Shigeru Nakamura,Tomohiro Kawasaki,Akihiko Takahashi,Takaaki Katsuki,Sunao Nakamura,Atsuo Namiki,Atsushi Hirohata,Toshiyuki Matsumura,Seiji Yamazaki,Hiroyoshi Yokoi,Shinji Tanaka,Satoru Otsuji,Fuminobu Yoshimachi,Junko Honye,Dawn Harwood,Martha Reitman,Ahmet U. Coskun,Michail I. Papafaklis,Charles L. Feldman +22 more
TL;DR: In this article, a three-vessel vascular profiling (2.7 arteries per patient) was performed at baseline in 506 patients with acute coronary syndrome treated with a percutaneous coronary intervention and in a subset of 374 (74%) consecutive patients 6 to 10 months later to assess plaque natural history.
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Validation of acute myocardial infarction cases in the national health insurance research database in taiwan.
TL;DR: The NHIRD appears to be a valid resource for population research in cardiovascular diseases by cross-comparisons of discharge diagnoses listed in the NHIRD with those in the medical records obtained from a medical center in Taiwan.
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Global Variation in the Relative Burden of Stroke and Ischemic Heart Disease
TL;DR: There is substantial global variation in the relative burden of stroke compared with IHD, and the disproportionate burden from stroke for many lower-income countries suggests that distinct interventions may be required.
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Cardiovascular Events Associated With SGLT-2 Inhibitors Versus Other Glucose-Lowering Drugs: The CVD-REAL 2 Study
Mikhail Kosiborod,Carolyn S.P. Lam,Shun Kohsaka,Dae Jung Kim,Dae Jung Kim,Avraham Karasik,Jonathan E. Shaw,Navdeep Tangri,Su-Yen Goh,Marcus Thuresson,Hungta Chen,Filip Surmont,Niklas Hammar,Niklas Hammar,Peter Fenici +14 more
TL;DR: In this article, a randomized trial demonstrated a lower risk of cardiovascular events with SGLT-2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) at high risk of adverse events.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Smoking, quitting, and the risk of cardiovascular disease among women and men in the Asia-Pacific region.
TL;DR: Unless urgent public health measures are put into place, the impact of the smoking epidemic in Asia, and among women, will be enormous and tobacco control policies that specifically target these populations are essential.
Journal ArticleDOI
Blood Pressure Differences Between Northern and Southern Chinese: Role of Dietary Factors: The International Study on Macronutrients and Blood Pressure
Liancheng Zhao,Jeremiah Stamler,Lijing L. Yan,Beifan Zhou,Yangfeng Wu,Kiang Liu,Martha L. Daviglus,Barbara H. Dennis,Paul Elliott,Hirotsugu Ueshima,Jun Yang,Liguang Zhu,Liguang Zhu,Dongshuang Guo +13 more
TL;DR: Efforts are needed to improve nutrition in China, especially in the north, as well as in other populations including those in the United States, for prevention and control of adverse blood pressure levels and major adult cardiovascular disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Blood pressure and the global burden of disease 2000. Part 1: estimates of blood pressure levels
Carlene M.M. Lawes,Stephen Vander Hoorn,Malcolm Law,Paul Elliott,Stephen MacMahon,Anthony Rodgers +5 more
TL;DR: These global estimates of blood pressure by age, sex and subregion show considerable variation in estimated levels, and the lack of data in developing countries is substantial, and this is an important limitation given the role ofBlood pressure in increasing cardiovascular disease levels.
Journal ArticleDOI
Smoking and Elevated Blood Pressure Are the Most Important Risk Factors for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in the Asia-Pacific Region An Overview of 26 Cohorts Involving 306 620 Participants
Valery L. Feigin,Varsha Parag,Carlene M.M. Lawes,Anthony Rodgers,Il Suh,Mark Woodward,Konrad Jamrozik,Hirotsugu Ueshima +7 more
TL;DR: Cigarette smoking and SBP are the most important risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage in the Asia-Pacific region.
Journal ArticleDOI
Smoking cessation and mortality from cardiovascular disease among Japanese men and women: the JACC Study.
Hiroyasu Iso,Chigusa Date,Akio Yamamoto,Hideaki Toyoshima,Yoshiyuki Watanabe,Shogo Kikuchi,Akio Koizumi,Yasuhiko Wada,Takaaki Kondo,Yutaka Inaba,Akiko Tamakoshi +10 more
TL;DR: The risk decline after smoking cessation occurred for coronary heart disease and total cardiovascular disease within 2 years and for total stroke after 2-4 years, implying the importance of smoking cessation at any age to prevent cardiovascular disease in Japanese.
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