Journal ArticleDOI
Chemical analysis of diesel engine nanoparticles using a nano-DMA/thermal desorption particle beam mass spectrometer.
Herbert J. Tobias,Derek E. Beving,Paul J. Ziemann,Hiromu Sakurai,Miriam Zuk,Peter H. McMurry,Darrick Zarling,Robert W. Waytulonis,David B. Kittelson +8 more
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TLDR
Results are consistent with a mechanism of nanoparticle formation involving nucleation of sulfuric acid and water, followed by particle growth by condensation of organic species, in diesel engine exhaust.Abstract:
Diesel engines are known to emit high number concentrations of nanoparticles (diameter < 50 nm), but the physical and chemical mechanisms by which they form are not understood. Information on chemical composition is lacking because the small size, low mass concentration, and potential for contamination of samples obtained by standard techniques make nanoparticles difficult to analyze. A nano-differential mobility analyzer was used to size-select nanoparticles (mass median diameter ∼25−60 nm) from diesel engine exhaust for subsequent chemical analysis by thermal desorption particle beam mass spectrometry. Mass spectra were used to identify and quantify nanoparticle components, and compound molecular weights and vapor pressures were estimated from calibrated desorption temperatures. Branched alkanes and alkyl-substituted cycloalkanes from unburned fuel and/or lubricating oil appear to contribute most of the diesel nanoparticle mass. The volatility of the organic fraction of the aerosol increases as the engi...read more
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Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review
Maria Kanakidou,John H. Seinfeld,Spyros N. Pandis,Ian Barnes,Frank Dentener,Maria Cristina Facchini,R. Van Dingenen,Barbara Ervens,Athanasios Nenes,Claus J. Nielsen,Erik Swietlicki,J. P. Putaud,Yves Balkanski,Sandro Fuzzi,J. Horth,Geert K. Moortgat,R. Winterhalter,Cathrine Lund Myhre,Kostas Tsigaridis,Elisabetta Vignati,Euripides G. Stephanou,J. Wilson +21 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed existing knowledge with regard to organic aerosol (OA) of importance for global climate modelling and defined critical gaps needed to reduce the involved uncertainties, and synthesized the information to provide a continuous analysis of the flow from the emitted material to the atmosphere up to the point of the climate impact of the produced organic aerosols.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemical and microphysical characterization of ambient aerosols with the aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer
Manjula R. Canagaratna,John T. Jayne,Jose L. Jimenez,James Allan,M. R. Alfarra,Qi Zhang,Timothy B. Onasch,Frank Drewnick,Hugh Coe,Ann M. Middlebrook,A. E. Delia,Leah R. Williams,A. Trimborn,M. J. Northway,Peter F. DeCarlo,Charles E. Kolb,Paul Davidovits,Douglas R. Worsnop +17 more
TL;DR: A detailed discussion of the strengths and limitations of the AMS measurement approach is presented and how the measurements are used to characterize particle properties are reviewed to highlight the different applications of this instrument.
Journal ArticleDOI
The potential risks of nanomaterials: a review carried out for ECETOC
Paul J. A. Borm,David Robbins,Stephan Haubold,Thomas A. J. Kuhlbusch,Heinz Fissan,Ken Donaldson,Roel P. F. Schins,Vicki Stone,Wolfgang G. Kreyling,Jürgen Lademann,Jean Krutmann,David B. Warheit,Eva Oberdörster +12 more
TL;DR: This review shows that only few specific nanoparticles have been investigated in a limited number of test systems and extrapolation of this data to other materials is not possible, and limited ecotoxicological data for nanomaterials precludes a systematic assessment of the impact of Nanoparticles on ecosystems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Heterogeneous Atmospheric Aerosol Production by Acid-Catalyzed Particle-Phase Reactions
TL;DR: If acid-catalyzed heterogeneous reactions of SOA products are included in current models, the predicted SOA formation will be much greater and could have a much larger impact on climate forcing effects than the authors now predict.
Journal ArticleDOI
Combustion-derived nanoparticles: A review of their toxicology following inhalation exposure
Ken Donaldson,Lang Tran,Luis A Jimenez,Rodger Duffin,David E. Newby,Nicholas L. Mills,William MacNee,Vicki Stone +7 more
TL;DR: CDNP can be seen as a group of particulate toxins unified by a common mechanism of injury and properties of translocation which have the potential to mediate a range of adverse effects in the lungs and other organs and warrant further research.
References
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Engines and nanoparticles: a review
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Journal ArticleDOI
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