Journal ArticleDOI
Climate Over the Past Two Millennia
TLDR
The authors assesses the evidence from both "proxy" climate data and theoretical climate model simulations with regard to the nature and causes of climate variability over a time interval spanning roughly the past two millennia.Abstract:
To assess the significance of modern climate change, it is essential to place recent observed changes in a longer-term context. This review assesses the evidence from both “proxy” climate data and theoretical climate model simulations with regard to the nature and causes of climate variability over a time interval spanning roughly the past two millennia. Evidence is reviewed for changes in temperature, drought, and atmospheric circulation over this timescale. Methods for reconstructing past climate from proxy data are reviewed and comparisons with the results of climate modeling studies are provided. The assessment provided affirms the role of natural (solar and volcanic) radiative forcing in past changes in large-scale mean temperature changes and in dynamical modes of climate variability such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and El Ni ˜ no/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influencing large-scale climate. At hemispheric scales, late twentieth century warmth appears unprecedented in the context of at least the past 2000 years. This anomalous warmth can only be explained by modern anthropogenic forcing.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Last nine-thousand years of temperature variability in Northern Europe
Heikki Seppä,Anne E. Bjune,Richard J. Telford,Harry John Betteley Birks,Harry John Betteley Birks,Siim Veski +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the results of 36 Holocene pollen-based July mean and annual mean temperature reconstructions from Northern Europe by stacking them to create summary curves, and compare them with a high-resolution, summary chironomid-based temperature record and other independent palaeoclimate records.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reconstructed changes in Arctic sea ice over the past 1,450 years
Christophe Kinnard,Christian Zdanowicz,David A. Fisher,Elisabeth Isaksson,Anne de Vernal,Lonnie G. Thompson +5 more
TL;DR: A network of high-resolution terrestrial proxies from the circum-Arctic region is used to reconstruct past extents of summer sea ice, and shows that both the duration and magnitude of the current decline in sea ice seem to be unprecedented for the past 1,450 years.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spatiotemporal precipitation variations in the arid Central Asia in the context of global warming
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the temporal precipitation variations in the arid Central Asia (ACA) and their regional differences during 1930-2009 using monthly gridded precipitation from the Climatic Research Unit (CRU).
Journal ArticleDOI
The effects of environmental warming on Odonata: a review
TL;DR: Directions for research are suggested, particularly laboratory studies that investigate underlying causes of climate-driven macroecological patterns, and studies on other invertebrate groups are considered.
Journal ArticleDOI
Divergent global precipitation changes induced by natural versus anthropogenic forcing.
TL;DR: In climate model simulations, the late twentieth century is warmer than in the Medieval Warm Period but precipitation is less, which is consistent with the global tropospheric energy budget, which requires a balance between the latent heat released in precipitation and radiative cooling.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Causes of Climate Change Over the Past 1000 Years
TL;DR: A 21st-century global warming projection far exceeds the natural variability of the past 1000 years and is greater than the best estimate of global temperature change for the last interglacial.
Journal ArticleDOI
Northern Hemisphere Temperatures During the Past Millennium: Inferences, Uncertainties, and Limitations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors attempt hemispheric temperature reconstructions with proxy data networks for the past millennium, focusing not just on the reconstructions, but the uncertainties therein, and important caveats.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global-scale temperature patterns and climate forcing over the past six centuries
TL;DR: In this article, a spatially resolved global reconstructions of annual surface temperature patterns over the past six centuries are based on the multivariate calibration of widely distributed high-resolution proxy climate indicators.
Journal ArticleDOI
European seasonal and annual temperature variability, trends, and extremes since 1500.
TL;DR: Multiproxy reconstructions of monthly and seasonal surface temperature fields for Europe back to 1500 show that the late 20th- and early 21st-century European climate is very likely (>95% confidence level) warmer than that of any time during the past 500 years.
Journal ArticleDOI
Highly variable Northern Hemisphere temperatures reconstructed from low- and high-resolution proxy data
TL;DR: This reconstruction of Northern Hemisphere temperatures for the past 2,000 years is reconstructed by combining low-resolution proxies with tree-ring data, using a wavelet transform technique to achieve timescale-dependent processing of the data.