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Cucurbituril chemistry: a tale of supramolecular success

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TLDR
Cucurbit[n]urils have become key units in various self-organizing and stimulus-controlled assemblies, as well as in advanced materials and drug carriers.
Abstract
This review highlights the past six year advances in the blossoming field of cucurbit[n]uril chemistry. Because of their exceptional recognition properties in aqueous medium, these pumpkin-shaped macrocycles have been generating some tremendous interest in the supramolecular community. They have also become key units in various self-organizing and stimulus-controlled assemblies, as well as in advanced materials and drug carriers. The scope of this review is limited to the main family of cucurbit[n]urils (n = 5, 6, 7, 8, 10). The reader will find an overview of their preparation, their physicochemical and biological properties, as well as their recognition abilities towards various organic and inorganic guests. Detailed thermodynamic and kinetic considerations, as well as multiple applications including supramolecular catalysis are also discussed.

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Citations
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Cucurbiturils: from synthesis to high-affinity binding and catalysis

TL;DR: The fundamental properties of CBn homologues and their cyclic derivatives are discussed with a focus on their synthesis and their applications in catalysis.
Journal ArticleDOI

Supramolecular polymeric hydrogels

TL;DR: A critical review summarising the formation of dynamic polymeric networks through specific non-covalent interactions, with a particular emphasis on those systems based on host-guest complex formation, as well as the characterisation of their physical characteristics.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Supramolecular Complexation of N-Alkyl- and N,N′-Dialkylpiperazines with Cucurbit[6]uril in Aqueous Solution and in the Solid State

TL;DR: X-ray crystallographic studies revealed a clear correlation between the structure of CB[6]-alkylpiperazine crystals obtained from aqueous solutions and the molecular weight/properties of host-guest oligomers existed in the solution as supramolecular "seeds" of crystal formation.
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Long-Lived Charge Separation in Gold Nanoparticles Encapsulated inside Cucurbit[7]uril and Its Relevance for Photocatalysis

TL;DR: In this paper, gold nanoparticles (average size 1 nm) encapsulated inside cucurbit[7]uril exhibit, upon 532 nm excitation in water, an intense transient absorption spectrum.
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Inclusion of a nitronyl nitroxyl radical and its hydrochloride in cucurbit[8]uril.

TL;DR: The formula [(1)(2)@(CB8)(3)], in which two radical guests are arranged in such a way that the phenyl groups of the benzimidazolyl substituents are both stacked into one CB8 and the tetramethyl fragments are each capped by a terminal macrocycle, is proposed, in agreement with microanalysis, spectrophotometric, EPR, and magnetic measurements.
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Stabilization of tautomeric forms P(OH)3 and HP(OH)2 and their derivatives by coordination to palladium and nickel atoms in heterometallic clusters with the Mo3MQ4 4+ core (M = Ni, Pd; Q = S, Se)

TL;DR: In this paper, the coordination of the phosphorus atom to the Pd or Ni atoms is used to stabilize the hydrophosphoryl compounds (HO 2P(O)H, (HO P(O), HP(OH)2, PhP(OH), and Ph2P(H)H) in a cluster aqua complex.
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Supramolecular solid-gas complexes: a thermodynamic approach.

TL;DR: The application of an indirect “solution” approach to investigate gas inclusion in solid macrocyclic ligands by using examples of the typical 1:1 complexation equilibria between solid cucurbit[6]uril (1), b-cyclodextrin (2, Figure 1), and the volatile n-alkylamines propylamines (3, butylamine (4, pentylamine)
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