Cyclooxygenase in biology and disease
Raymond N. DuBois,Steven B. Abramson,Leslie J. Crofford,Rajnish A. Gupta,Lee S. Simon,Leo B A van de Putte,Peter E. Lipsky +6 more
TLDR
The current understanding of the role of cyclooxygenase‐1 and ‐2 in different physiological situations and disease processes ranging from inflammation to cancer is summarized.Abstract:
Cyclooxygenase (COX), the key enzyme required for the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins was first identified over 20 years ago. Drugs, like aspirin, that inhibit cyclooxygenase activity have been available to the public for about 100 years. In the past decade, however, more progress has been made in understanding the role of cyclooxygenase enzymes in biology and disease than at any other time in history. Two cyclooxygenase isoforms have been identified and are referred to as COX-1 and COX-2. Under many circumstances the COX-1 enzyme is produced constitutively (i.e., gastric mucosa) whereas COX-2 is inducible (i.e., sites of inflammation). Here, we summarize the current understanding of the role of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in different physiological situations and disease processes ranging from inflammation to cancer. We have attempted to include all of the most relevant material in the field, but due to the rapid progress in this area of research we apologize that certain recent findings may have been left out.read more
Citations
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Prostaglandins and Inflammation
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Oxidation of biological systems: oxidative stress phenomena, antioxidants, redox reactions, and methods for their quantification.
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TL;DR: This review includes different topics essential for understanding oxidative stress phenomena and provides tools for those intending to conduct study and research in this field.
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Cyclooxygenase Isozymes: The Biology of Prostaglandin Synthesis and Inhibition
TL;DR: Characterization of the two COX isozymes is allowing the discrimination of the roles each play in physiological processes such as homeostatic maintenance of the gastrointestinal tract, renal function, blood clotting, embryonic implantation, parturition, pain, and fever.
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Eicosanoids and cancer
Dingzhi Wang,Raymond N. DuBois +1 more
TL;DR: Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of prostaglandins and other eicosanoids in cancer progression will help to develop more effective cancer chemopreventive and/or therapeutic agents.
Journal Article
Antiangiogenic and Antitumor Activities of Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors
Jaime L. Masferrer,Kathleen M. Leahy,Alane T. Koki,Ben S. Zweifel,Steven L. Settle,B M Woerner,D A Edwards,A G Flickinger,Ronald J. Moore,Karen Seibert +9 more
TL;DR: Evidence that cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-derived prostaglandins contribute to tumor growth by inducing newly formed blood vessels (neoangiogenesis) that sustain tumor cell viability and growth and a novel application of this anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of human cancer is provided.
References
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Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis as a mechanism of action for aspirin-like drugs
TL;DR: Experiments with guinea-pig lung suggest that some of the therapeutic effects of sodium salicylate and aspirin-like drugs are due to inhibition of the synthesis of prostaglandins.
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Up-regulation of cyclooxygenase 2 gene expression in human colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas
Charles E. Eberhart,Robert J. Coffey,Aramandla Radhika,Francis M. Giardiello,Suzanne Ferrenbach,Raymond N. DuBois +5 more
TL;DR: COX-2, but not COX-1, gene expression is markedly elevated in most human colorectal cancers compared with accompanying normal mucosa, and COx-2 expression seems to be increased in a subset of adenomas.
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Suppression of Intestinal Polyposis in ApcΔ716 Knockout Mice by Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2)
Masanobu Oshima,Joseph E. Dinchuk,Stacia Kargman,Hiroko Oshima,Bruno C. Hancock,Elizabeth Kwong,James M. Trzaskos,Jilly F. Evans,Makoto Mark Taketo,Makoto Mark Taketo +9 more
TL;DR: Results provide direct genetic evidence that COX-2 plays a key role in tumorigenesis and indicate that COx-2-selective inhibitors can be a novel class of therapeutic agents for colorectal polyposis and cancer.
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Alterations in cellular adhesion and apoptosis in epithelial cells overexpressing prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that overexpression of COX-2 leads to phenotypic changes in intestinal epithelial cells that could enhance their tumorigenic potential.
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Cyclooxygenase Regulates Angiogenesis Induced by Colon Cancer Cells
TL;DR: To explore the role of cyclooxygenase (COX) in endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis, two in vitro model systems involving coculture of endothelial cells with colon carcinoma cells are used.