Journal ArticleDOI
Development of neoantigens: from identification in cancer cells to application in cancer vaccines.
Nasim Ebrahimi,Maryam Akbari,Masoud Ghanaatian,Parichehr Roozbahani Moghaddam,Samaneh Adelian,Marziyeh Borjian Boroujeni,Elnaz Yazdani,Amirhossein Ahmadi,Michael R. Hamblin +8 more
TLDR
Neoantigens are cancer cell-specific antigens which their expression leads to the immune stimulation against tumor cells as mentioned in this paper, which can induce anti-tumor T-cell responses to destroy tumors without damaging healthy cells.Abstract:
Introduction The discovery of neoantigens as mutated proteins specifically expressed in tumor cells but not in normal cells has led to improved cancer vaccines. Targeting neoantigens can induce anti-tumor T-cell responses to destroy tumors without damaging healthy cells. Extensive advances in genome sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis have made it possible to discover and design effective neoantigens for use in therapeutic cancer vaccines. Neoantigens-based therapeutic personalized vaccines have shown promising results in cancer immunotherapy. Areas covered We discuss the types of cancer neoantigens that can be recognized by the immune system in this review. We also summarize the detection, identification, and design of neoantigens and their appliction in developing cancer vaccines. Finally, clinical trials of neoantigen-based vaccines, their advantages, and their limitations are reviewed. From 2015 to 2020, the authors conducted a literature search of controlled randomized trials and laboratory investigations that that focused on neoantigens, their use in the design of various types of cancer vaccines. Expert opinion Neoantigens are cancer cell-specific antigens, which their expression leads to the immune stimulation against tumor cells. The identification and delivery of specific neoantigens to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with the help of anti-cancer vaccines promise novel and more effective cancer treatments.read more
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Tumor-derived exosomal non-coding RNAs as diagnostic biomarkers in cancer
Nasim Ebrahimi,Ferdos Faghihkhorasani,Siavash Seifollahy Fakhr,Parichehr Roozbahani Moghaddam,Elnaz Yazdani,Zahra Kheradmand,Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi,Samaneh Adelian,Halimeh Mobarak,Michael R. Hamblin,Amir Reza Aref +10 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Targeting the metabolism of cancer stem cells by energy disruptor molecules
TL;DR: In this paper , a review highlights the differences between regular cancer cells and CSC metabolism and discusses the action mechanisms of energy disruptors at the cellular and molecular levels and highlights the difference between CSCs and normal cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Targeting the metabolism of cancer stem cells by energy disruptor molecules
Tahere Dadgar,Nasim Ebrahimi,Amir Reza Gholipour,Maryam Akbari,Leila Khani,Amirhossein Ahmadi,Michael R. Hamblin +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review highlights the differences between regular cancer cells and CSC metabolism and discusses the action mechanisms of energy disruptors at the cellular and molecular levels and highlights the difference between CSCs and normal cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of the Wnt and GTPase pathways in breast cancer tumorigenesis and treatment.
Nasim Ebrahimi,Kamyar Kharazmi,Masoud Ghanaatian,Seyed Ali Miraghel,Yasaman Mahdavi Amiri,S. Seyedebrahimi,Halimeh Mobarak,Elnaz Yazdani,Sahar Parkhideh,Michael R. Hamblin,Amir Reza Aref +10 more
TL;DR: In this article , a review summarizes the Wnt and Rho/GTPases signaling pathway functions, and also the crosstalk between these pathways in the progression, metastasis, and drug resistance mechanisms in BC.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cancer stem cells in colorectal cancer: signaling pathways involved in stemness and therapy resistance.
Nasim Ebrahimi,M Afshinpour,Siavash Seifollahy Fakhr,Paniz Ghasempour Kalkhoran,Vida Shadman Manesh,Samaneh Adelian,Sheida Beiranvand,Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi,Roya Khorram,Michael R. Hamblin,Amir Reza Aref +10 more
TL;DR: In this article , the role of Wnt, NF-κB, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Sonic hedgehog, and Notch signaling pathways in colorectal CSCs, and the possible modulating drugs that could be used in treatment for resistant CRC.
References
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Neoantigens in cancer immunotherapy
TL;DR: Observations indicate that neoantigen load may form a biomarker in cancer immunotherapy and provide an incentive for the development of novel therapeutic approaches that selectively enhance T cell reactivity against this class of antigens.