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Developmental Connectomics from Infancy through Early Childhood

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TLDR
Five fundamental principles of brain network development during the critical first years of life are highlighted, emphasizing strengthened segregation/integration balance, a remarkable hierarchical order from primary to higher-order regions, unparalleled structural and functional maturations, substantial individual variability, and high vulnerability to risk factors and developmental disorders.
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This article is published in Trends in Neurosciences.The article was published on 2017-08-01 and is currently open access. It has received 182 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Connectomics & Connectome.

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Citations
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Imaging structural and functional brain development in early childhood

TL;DR: Initial evidence regarding the usefulness of early imaging biomarkers for predicting cognitive outcomes and risk of neuropsychiatric disorders is discussed.
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The UNC/UMN Baby Connectome Project (BCP): An overview of the study design and protocol development.

TL;DR: The overall study protocol is provided, including approaches for subject recruitment, strategies for imaging typically developing children 0–5 years of age without sedation, imaging protocol and optimization, a description of the battery of behavioral assessments, and QA/QC procedures.
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The development of brain network hubs.

TL;DR: A large number of brain regions are highly connected, acting as network hubs, and hub connectivity, especially of frontal areas, strengthens from birth to adulthood.
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Neural histology and neurogenesis of the human fetal and infant brain.

TL;DR: The microstructural organization and neural circuitry elements of the fetal and early postnatal human cerebrum are described and the genetic, genomic, and molecular biology data on phenotypic specification of developing brain regions, areas and neurons are included.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Collective dynamics of small-world networks

TL;DR: Simple models of networks that can be tuned through this middle ground: regular networks ‘rewired’ to introduce increasing amounts of disorder are explored, finding that these systems can be highly clustered, like regular lattices, yet have small characteristic path lengths, like random graphs.
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Spurious but systematic correlations in functional connectivity MRI networks arise from subject motion

TL;DR: The results suggest the need for greater care in dealing with subject motion, and the need to critically revisit previous rs-fcMRI work that may not have adequately controlled for effects of transient subject movements.
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A multi-modal parcellation of human cerebral cortex

TL;DR: Using multi-modal magnetic resonance images from the Human Connectome Project and an objective semi-automated neuroanatomical approach, 180 areas per hemisphere are delineated bounded by sharp changes in cortical architecture, function, connectivity, and/or topography in a precisely aligned group average of 210 healthy young adults.
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The Human Connectome: A Structural Description of the Human Brain

TL;DR: A research strategy to achieve the connection matrix of the human brain (the human “connectome”) is proposed, and its potential impact is discussed.
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Regional differences in synaptogenesis in human cerebral cortex.

TL;DR: Findings in the human resemble those in rhesus monkeys, including overproduction of synaptic contacts in infancy, persistence of high levels of synaptic density to late childhood or adolescence, the absolute values of maximum and adult synaptic density, and layer specific differences.
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