Direct Imaging of Cl- and Cu-Induced Short-Circuit Efficiency Changes in CdTe Solar Cells
Jonathan D. Poplawsky,Jonathan D. Poplawsky,Naba R. Paudel,Chen Li,Chen Li,Chad M. Parish,Donovan N. Leonard,Yanfa Yan,Stephen J. Pennycook +8 more
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TLDR
In this paper, the authors investigated the roles of each treatment with regard to improving grains, grain boundaries, and interfaces using cross-sectional electron beam induced current, electron backscatter diffraction, and scanning transmission electron microscope techniques.Abstract:
To achieve high-efficiency polycrystalline CdTe-based thin-film solar cells, the CdTe absorbers must go through a post-deposition CdCl2 heat treatment followed by a Cu diffusion step. To better understand the roles of each treatment with regard to improving grains, grain boundaries, and interfaces, CdTe solar cells with and without Cu diffusion and CdCl2 heat treatments are investigated using cross-sectional electron beam induced current, electron backscatter diffraction, and scanning transmission electron microscope techniques. The evolution of the cross-sectional carrier collection profile due to these treatments that cause an increase in short-circuit current and higher open-circuit voltage are identified. Additionally, an increased carrier collection in grain boundaries after either/both of these treatments is revealed. The increased current at the grain boundaries is shown to be due to the presence of a space charge region with an intrinsic carrier collection profile width of ≈350 nm. Scanning transmission electron microscope electron-energy loss spectroscopy shows a decreased Te and increased Cl concentration in grain boundaries after treatment, which causes the inversion. Furthermore, each treatment improves the overall carrier collection efficiency of the cell separately, and, therefore, the benefits realized by each treatment are shown to be independent of each other.read more
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Applications of Phosphorene and Black Phosphorus in Energy Conversion and Storage Devices
Jinbo Pang,Alicja Bachmatiuk,Yin Yin,Barbara Trzebicka,Liang Zhao,Lei Fu,Rafael G. Mendes,Rafael G. Mendes,Thomas Gemming,Zhongfan Liu,Zhongfan Liu,Mark H. Rümmeli +11 more
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CdTe solar cells with open-circuit voltage breaking the 1 V barrier
James M. Burst,Joel N. Duenow,David S. Albin,Eric Colegrove,Matthew O. Reese,Jeffery A. Aguiar,Chun-Sheng Jiang,Maulik K. Patel,Mowafak Al-Jassim,Darius Kuciauskas,Santosh K. Swain,Tursun Ablekim,Kelvin G. Lynn,Wyatt K. Metzger +13 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the lifetime of single-crystal CdTe solar cells was shown to be comparable to those in GaAs over a hole density range relevant for solar applications.
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Point defect engineering in thin-film solar cells
TL;DR: In this paper, the evolution in the understanding of point defect behavior from Si-based photovoltaics to thin-film CdTe and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 technologies, through to the latest generation of halide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) and kesterite (Cu2ZnSnS4) devices, is reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Local Crystal Misorientation Influences Non-Radiative Recombination
Sarthak Jariwala,Hongyu Sun,Gede W. P. Adhyaksa,Andries Lof,Loreta A. Muscarella,Bruno Ehrler,Erik C. Garnett,David S. Ginger +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use EBSD to map the local crystal orientations, grains, and grain boundaries in CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPI) perovskite thin films.
Journal ArticleDOI
Understanding Detrimental and Beneficial Grain Boundary Effects in Halide Perovskites
Gede W. P. Adhyaksa,Sarah Brittman,Haralds Āboliņš,Andries Lof,Xueying Li,Joel D. Keelor,Yanqi Luo,Teodor Duevski,Ron M. A. Heeren,Shane R. Ellis,David P. Fenning,Erik C. Garnett +11 more
TL;DR: Correlating true grain size with photoluminescence lifetime, carrier diffusion length, and mobility shows that grain boundaries are not benign but have a recombination velocity comparable to that of crystalline silicon, which offers a possible explanation for the mysteriously long lifetime and record efficiency achieved in small grain halide perovskite thin films.
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