Effects of β-alanine supplementation on exercise performance: a meta-analysis
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A preliminary quantitative review of the literature through a meta-analysis found that β-alanine supplementation improves the outcome of exercise measures to a greater extent than placebo, and exercise lasting 60–240 s was improved, in line with the purported mechanisms for an ergogenic effect.Abstract:
Due to the well-defined role of β-alanine as a substrate of carnosine (a major contributor to H+ buffering during high-intensity exercise), β-alanine is fast becoming a popular ergogenic aid to sports performance. There have been several recent qualitative review articles published on the topic, and here we present a preliminary quantitative review of the literature through a meta-analysis. A comprehensive search of the literature was employed to identify all studies suitable for inclusion in the analysis; strict exclusion criteria were also applied. Fifteen published manuscripts were included in the analysis, which reported the results of 57 measures within 23 exercise tests, using 18 supplementation regimes and a total of 360 participants [174, β-alanine supplementation group (BA) and 186, placebo supplementation group (Pla)]. BA improved (P = 0.002) the outcome of exercise measures to a greater extent than Pla [median effect size (IQR): BA 0.374 (0.140–0.747), Pla 0.108 (−0.019 to 0.487)]. Some of that effect might be explained by the improvement (P = 0.013) in exercise capacity with BA compared to Pla; no improvement was seen for exercise performance (P = 0.204). In line with the purported mechanisms for an ergogenic effect of β-alanine supplementation, exercise lasting 60–240 s was improved (P = 0.001) in BA compared to Pla, as was exercise of >240 s (P = 0.046). In contrast, there was no benefit of β-alanine on exercise lasting <60 s (P = 0.312). The median effect of β-alanine supplementation is a 2.85% (−0.37 to 10.49%) improvement in the outcome of an exercise measure, when a median total of 179 g of β-alanine is supplemented.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Physiology and Pathophysiology of Carnosine
TL;DR: This paper summarizes a century of scientific exploration on the (patho)physiological role of carnosine and related compounds, and concludes that far more experiments are required to gain a full understanding of the function and applications of this intriguing molecule.
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IOC Consensus Statement: Dietary Supplements and the High-Performance Athlete
Ronald J. Maughan,Louise M. Burke,Jiri Dvorak,D. Enette Larson-Meyer,Peter Peeling,Peter Peeling,Stuart M. Phillips,Eric S. Rawson,Neil P. Walsh,Ina Garthe,Hans Geyer,Romain Meeusen,Lucas J. C. van Loon,S. M. Shirreffs,Lawrence L. Spriet,Mark Stuart,Alan Vernec,Kevin Currell,Vidya M. Ali,Richard Budgett,Arne Ljungqvist,Margo Mountjoy,Yannis P. Pitsiladis,Torbjørn Soligard,Uğur Erdener,Lars Engebretsen +25 more
TL;DR: The appropriate use of some supplements can benefit the athlete, but others may harm the athlete’s health, performance, and/or livelihood and reputation and expert professional opinion and assistance is strongly advised before an athlete embarks on supplement use.
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International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: energy drinks.
Bill Campbell,Colin D. Wilborn,Paul La Bounty,Lucas Taylor,Mike T. Nelson,Mike Greenwood,Tim N. Ziegenfuss,Hector L. Lopez,Jay R. Hoffman,Jeffrey R. Stout,Stephen M Schmitz,Richard L. Collins,Dough S. Kalman,Jose Antonio,Richard B. Kreider +14 more
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β-alanine supplementation to improve exercise capacity and performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Bryan Saunders,Kirsty J. Elliott-Sale,Guilherme Giannini Artioli,Paul Swinton,Eimear Dolan,Hamilton Roschel,Craig Sale,Bruno Gualano +7 more
TL;DR: β-alanine had a significant overall effect while subgroup analyses revealed a number of modifying factors, which allow individuals to make informed decisions as to the likelihood of an ergogenic effect with β-alanines supplementation based on their chosen exercise modality.
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Physiological and Health-Related Adaptations to Low-Volume Interval Training: Influences of Nutrition and Sex
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