Environmental programming of stress responses through DNA methylation: life at the interface between a dynamic environment and a fixed genome.
Michael J. Meaney,Moshe Szyf +1 more
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TLDR
It is demonstrated that the structural modifications of the DNA can be established through environmental programming and that, in spite of the inherent stability of this epigenomic marker, it is dynamic and potentially reversible.Abstract:
Early experience permanently alters behavior and physiology. These effects are, in part, mediated by sustained alterations in gene expression in selected brain regions. The critical question concerns the mechanism of these environmental “programming” effects. We examine this issue with an animal model that studies the consequences of variations in mother-infant interactions on the development of individual differences in behavioral and endocrine responses to stress in adulthood. Increased levels of pup licking/grooming by rat mothers in the first week of life alter DNA structure at a glucocorticoid receptor gene promoter in the hippocampus of the offspring. Differences in the DNA methylation pattern between the offspring of high- and low-lickinglgrooming mothers emerge over the first week of life; they are reversed with cross-fostering; they persist into adulthood; and they are associated with altered histone acetylation and transcription factor (nerve growth factor-induced clone A [NGFIA]) binding to the glucocorticoid receptor promoter. DNA methylation alters glucocorticoid receptor expression through modifications of chromatin structure. Pharmacological reversal of the effects on chromatin structure completely eliminates the effects of maternal care on glucocorticoid receptor expression and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) responses to stress, thus suggesting a causal relation between the maternally induced, epigenetic modification of the glucocorticoid receptor gene and the effects on stress responses in the offspring. These findings demonstrate that the structural modifications of the DNA can be established through environmental programming and that, in spite of the inherent stability of this epigenomic marker, it is dynamic and potentially reversible.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Interaction of the BcII glucocorticoid receptor polymorphism and childhood abuse in Bulimia Nervosa (BN): relationship to BN and to associated trait manifestations.
Howard Steiger,Howard Steiger,Lise Gauvin,Ridha Joober,Mimi Israel,Mimi Israel,Guilaine Badawi,Patricia Groleau,Kenneth R. Bruce,Kenneth R. Bruce,N.M.K. Ng Yin Kin,Lindsay Sycz,Anne Sophie Ouelette +12 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that stress-induced alterations in glucocorticoid sensitivity contribute to Bulimia Nervosa and depressive disturbances--without being associated with the behavioral/affective dysregulation seen in many BN sufferers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Brood size influences patterns of DNA methylation in wild Zebra Finches (Taeniopygia guttata)
TL;DR: The hypothesis that brood size is associated with the prevalence and pattern of DNA methylation in wild birds is supported, and the specific loci that lost and gained methylation across early development differed between individuals in enlarged and reduced broods.
Journal ArticleDOI
Intimate Partner Violence Exposure in Early Childhood: An Ecobiodevelopmental Perspective
TL;DR: The ecobiodevelopmental (EBD) framework, an emerging cross-disciplinary understanding of stress and coping response in very young children, explains how unresolved stress experienced by infants, toddlers, and preschoolers has toxic effects on their development.
Journal ArticleDOI
Maternal behavior as an early modulator of neurobehavioral offspring responses by Sprague-Dawley rats.
TL;DR: Findings strongly support the influence of differential maternal care on the neurodevelopment and responsivity of juvenile rats.
Book ChapterDOI
Effects of Stress Throughout the Lifespan on the Brain and Behavior
Carla Nasca,Elysia Poggi Davis,Elysia Poggi Davis,Benedetta Bigio,Carmen Sandi,Bruce S. McEwen +5 more
TL;DR: This chapter summarizes some of the underlying mechanisms of stress effects upon the brain and the body and provides a perspective on the emerging contribution of high-throughput technologies and next-generation interventions to develop and enhance resilience.
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Vincent J. Felitti,Robert F. Anda,Dale F. Nordenberg,David F. Williamson,Alison M. Spitz,Valerie J. Edwards,Mary P. Koss,James S. Marks +7 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions.
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Protective and Damaging Effects of Stress Mediators
TL;DR: The long-term effect of the physiologic response to stress is reviewed, which I refer to as allostatic load, which is the ability to achieve stability through change.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transcriptional repression by the methyl-CpG-binding protein MeCP2 involves a histone deacetylase complex
Xinsheng Nan,Huck-Hui Ng,Colin A. Johnson,Carol D. Laherty,Bryan M. Turner,Robert N. Eisenman,Adrian Bird +6 more
TL;DR: The data suggest that two global mechanisms of gene regulation, DNA methylation and histone deacetylation, can be linked by MeCP2, an abundant nuclear protein that is essential for mouse embryogenesis.
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