Showing papers in "Current Biology in 2012"

TL;DR: Lowered activity of the nutrient-sensing insulin/insulin-like growth factor/Target of Rapamycin signalling network can extend healthy lifespan in yeast, multicellular invertebrates, mice and, possibly, humans.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate that living "against the clock" may be a factor contributing to the epidemic of obesity, and suggest that improving the correspondence between biological and social clocks will contribute to the management of obesity.

TL;DR: The first register of the marine species of the world is compiled and it is estimated that between one-third and two-thirds of marine species may be undescribed, and previous estimates of there being well over one million marine species appear highly unlikely.

TL;DR: Recent progress is reviewed in understanding of how the checkpoint signal is generated, how it blocks cell cycle progression and how it is extinguished.

TL;DR: A novel vesicle transport route between the mitochondria and lysosomes is characterized, providing insights into the basic mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control and suggesting that vesicles delivery complements mitophagy.

TL;DR: Observations suggest that DAD2 acts to bind the mobile strigolactone signal and then interacts with PhMAX2A during catalysis to initiate an SCF-mediated signal transduction pathway.

TL;DR: The extent of mutually positive interaction among bacterial strains isolated from a common aquatic environment is studied and it is shown that in pairwise species combinations, the great majority of interactions are net negative and there is no evidence that strong higher-order positive effects arise when more than two species are mixed together.

TL;DR: The accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in the ER activates signaling events to orchestrate adaptive cellular responses that increases the ER protein-folding capacity, reduces global protein synthesis, and enhances ERAD of misfolded proteins.

TL;DR: Findings show that selective attention samples multiple stimuli rhythmically, and they position spatial attention within the family of exploration behaviors.

TL;DR: The true effect of action video game playing may be to enhance the ability to learn new tasks, and such a mechanism may serve as a signature of training regimens that are likely to produce transfer of learning.

TL;DR: Using genetic parentage analyses, patterns of larval dispersal for two species of exploited coral reef fish within a network of marine reserves on the Great Barrier Reef are resolved and provide compelling evidence that adequately protected reserve networks can make a significant contribution to the replenishment of populations on both reserve and fished reefs at a scale that benefits local stakeholders.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the doors of perception close when a distracter is expected, and the phase adjustment of the alpha rhythm adds to the computational versatility of brain oscillations, because such a mechanism allows for modulating neuronal processing on a fine temporal scale.

TL;DR: The results demonstrate the suitability of transcranial alternating current stimulation to artificially induce coupling or decoupling of behaviorally relevant brain rhythms between segregated cortical regions and show that exogenously induced frontoparietal theta synchronization significantly improves visual memory-matching reaction times as compared to placebo stimulation.

TL;DR: The present 3 year longitudinal study shows that prereading attentional orienting--assessed by serial search performance and spatial cueing facilitation--captures future reading acquisition skills in grades 1 and 2 after controlling for age, nonverbal IQ, speech-sound processing, and nonalphabetic cross-modal mapping.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that master sex determinants can arise from the de novo evolution of genes that have not been previously implicated in sex differentiation through the demonstration that sdY is a novel vertebrate master sex-determining gene not related to any known sex-differentiating gene.

TL;DR: This review will focus on recent studies in yeast and mammalian systems that have provided insights into two critical areas of autophagosome biogenesis - the source of theautophagosomal membranes, and the mechanisms regulating the fusion of the edges of the double-membraned phagophores to form Autophagosomes.

TL;DR: It is shown that convergent morphologies are associated with adaptations to specific habitats and resources and that Lake Tanganyika's cichlid communities are characterized by the sympatric occurrence of convergent forms.

TL;DR: This chapter discusses how the sense of agency, the experience of controlling one's own actions, and, through them, events in the outside world, affects how the authors view the world around us.

TL;DR: It is suggested that object representations in MTL come to mirror the temporal structure of the environment, supporting rapid and incidental statistical learning.

TL;DR: Longitudinal analyses showed that characteristics of ERP components evoked in response to dynamic eye gaze shifts during infancy were associated with autism diagnosed at 36 months, which elucidate the mechanisms driving the development of the social brain in infancy.

TL;DR: New insights are emerging from the application of intervention approaches that establish a causal relationship between brain oscillations and behaviour, and are allowing novel tests of longstanding models about the functions ofbrain oscillations.

TL;DR: The findings demonstrate the importance of hypertrophy and the unconventional cell division cycle of hepatocytes in regeneration, prompting a significant revision of the generally accepted model of liver regeneration.

TL;DR: Robust interlaminar cross-frequency coupling in the visual cortex is demonstrated, supporting the view that neuronal activity in the alpha frequency range phasically modulates processing in the cortical microcircuit in a top-down manner.

TL;DR: The modular setup of the machinery with five distinct ESCRT complexes that have a clear division of tasks allows them to be flexibly integrated into these three very different biological processes.

TL;DR: These first ant methylomes and their intra- and interspecies comparison reveal an exonic methylation pattern that points to a connection between DNA methylation and splicing, suggesting roles in genome regulation in these social insects.

TL;DR: Together, these data identify Spc105 as a key target of the Mps1 kinase and show that the opposing activities of MPS1 and PP1 regulate the kinetochore localization of the Bub1 protein.

TL;DR: This work demonstrates that developmental brain phase can be assessed with much greater precision than has been possible using other biological measures, and reveals for the first time a latent phenotype in the human brain for which maturation timing is tightly controlled.

TL;DR: Using single-subject fMRI, Broca’s area contains two sets of subregions lying side by side, one quite specifically engaged in language processing, surrounded by another that is broadly engaged across a wide variety of tasks and content domains.

TL;DR: There is strong evidence that oscillatory activities at the cortical level are mechanistically involved in determining motor behavior and can even improve performance by driving cortical oscillations using noninvasive electrical stimulation and interactions with motor task that reveal the potential quantitative importance of oscillations in motor behavior.

TL;DR: This study provides neuronal evidence for dynamic and spatial Parkin-mediated mitophagy, which will help to understand whether alteredMitophagy contributes to pathogenesis of several major neurodegenerative diseases characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired transport.