Extrinsic regulation of cardiomyocyte differentiation of embryonic stem cells.
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TLDR
This review will focus on extrinsic factors that play a role in regulating different stages of cardiomyocyte differentiation of ES cells in Pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells.Abstract:
Cardiovascular disease is one of leading causes of death throughout the U.S. and the world. The damage of cardiomyocytes resulting from ischemic injury is irreversible and leads to the development of progressive heart failure, which is characterized by the loss of functional cardiomyocytes. Because cardiomyocytes are unable to regenerate in the adult heart, cell-based therapy of transplantation provides a potential alternative approach to replace damaged myocardial tissue and restore cardiac function. A major roadblock toward this goal is the lack of donor cells; therefore, it is urgent to identify the cardiovascular cells that are necessary for achieving cardiac muscle regeneration. Pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells have enormous potential as a source of therapeutic tissues, including cardiovascular cells; however, the regulatory elements mediating ES cell differentiation to cardiomyocytes are largely unknown. In this review, we will focus on extrinsic factors that play a role in regulating different stages of cardiomyocyte differentiation of ES cells.read more
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Electrical stimulation of human embryonic stem cells: cardiac differentiation and the generation of reactive oxygen species.
Elena Serena,Elisa Figallo,Nina Tandon,Christopher Cannizzaro,Sharon Gerecht,Nicola Elvassore,Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic +6 more
TL;DR: Cardiac differentiation in these EBs was evidenced by spontaneous contractions, expression of troponin T and its sarcomeric organization, implying that electrical stimulation plays a role in cardiac differentiation of hESCs, through mechanisms associated with the intracellular generation of ROS.
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Present state and future perspectives of using pluripotent stem cells in toxicology research
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Enhanced differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to mesenchymal progenitors by inhibition of TGF‐β/activin/nodal signaling using SB‐431542
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TL;DR: A simple and versatile protocol for directing the differentiation of hESCs into a myogenic lineage and then further into mesenchymal progenitors by blocking the TGF‐β signaling pathway is reported.
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Hedgehog signaling plays a cell-autonomous role in maximizing cardiac developmental potential
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