Journal ArticleDOI
Fabrication and deformation of three-dimensional hollow ceramic nanostructures
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TLDR
The fabrication of hollow ceramic scaffolds that mimic the length scales and hierarchy of biological materials are reported, suggesting that the hierarchical design principles offered by hard biological organisms can be applied to create damage-tolerant lightweight engineering materials.Abstract:
Creating lightweight, mechanically robust materials has long
been an engineering pursuit. Many siliceous skeleton species—
such as diatoms, sea sponges and radiolarians—have remarkably
high strengths when compared with man-made materials
of the same composition, yet are able to remain lightweight
and porous1–7. It has been suggested that these properties
arise from the hierarchical arrangement of different structural
elements at their relevant length scales8,9. Here, we report the
fabrication of hollow ceramic scaffolds that mimic the length
scales and hierarchy of biological materials. The constituent
solids attain tensile strengths of 1.75 GPa without failure
even after multiple deformation cycles, as revealed by in situ
nanomechanical experiments and finite-element analysis. We
discuss the high strength and lack of failure in terms of stress
concentrators at surface imperfections and of local stresses
within the microstructural landscape. Our findings suggest that
the hierarchical design principles offered by hard biological organisms
can be applied to create damage-tolerant lightweight
engineering materials.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Bioinspired structural materials
TL;DR: The common design motifs of a range of natural structural materials are reviewed, and the difficulties associated with the design and fabrication of synthetic structures that mimic the structural and mechanical characteristics of their natural counterparts are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ultralight, ultrastiff mechanical metamaterials
Xiaoyu Zheng,Howon Lee,Todd H. Weisgraber,Maxim Shusteff,Joshua R. Deotte,Eric B. Duoss,Joshua D. Kuntz,Monika M. Biener,Qi Ge,Julie A. Jackson,Sergei O. Kucheyev,Nicholas X. Fang,Christopher M. Spadaccini +12 more
TL;DR: A class of microarchitected materials that maintain a nearly constant stiffness per unit mass density, even at ultralow density is reported, which derives from a network of nearly isotropic microscale unit cells with high structural connectivity and nanoscale features, whose structural members are designed to carry loads in tension or compression.
Journal ArticleDOI
3D printing of ceramics: A review
Zhangwei Chen,Ziyong Li,Junjie Li,Chengbo Liu,Changshi Lao,Yuelong Fu,Changyong Liu,Li Yang,Pei Wang,He Yi +9 more
TL;DR: A review on the latest advances in the 3D printing of ceramics and present the historical origins and evolution of each related technique is presented in this paper. And the main technical aspects, including feedstock properties, process control, post-treatments and energy source-material interactions, are also discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Strong, lightweight, and recoverable three-dimensional ceramic nanolattices
TL;DR: This work demonstrates the creation of structural metamaterials composed of nanoscale ceramics that are simultaneously ultralight, strong, and energy-absorbing and can recover their original shape after compressions in excess of 50% strain.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanical metamaterials associated with stiffness, rigidity and compressibility: a brief review
TL;DR: In this article, a clear classification of mechanical metamaterials have been established based on the fundamental material mechanics, which can be divided into strong-lightweight (E/ρ), pattern transformation with tunable stiffness, negative compressibility (−4G/3), and strong light-weight (S/ρ).
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Skeleton of Euplectella sp.: Structural Hierarchy from the Nanoscale to the Macroscale
Joanna Aizenberg,James C. Weaver,James C. Weaver,James C. Weaver,Monica S. Thanawala,Monica S. Thanawala,Monica S. Thanawala,Vikram C. Sundar,Vikram C. Sundar,Vikram C. Sundar,Daniel E. Morse,Daniel E. Morse,Daniel E. Morse,Peter Fratzl +13 more
TL;DR: The structural properties of biosilica observed in the hexactinellid sponge Euplectella sp.
Journal ArticleDOI
Architecture and material properties of diatom shells provide effective mechanical protection
Christian Hamm,Rudolf Merkel,Olaf Springer,Piotr Jurkojc,Christian W. Maier,Kathrin Prechtel,Victor Smetacek +6 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that diatom frustules have evolved as mechanical protection for the cells because exceptional force is required to break them.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mineralized Collagen Fibrils: A Mechanical Model with a Staggered Arrangement of Mineral Particles
Ingomar L. Jäger,Peter Fratzl +1 more
TL;DR: A model with a staggered array of platelets that is in better agreement with results on molecular packing in collagen fibrils and that accounts for an increase of both elastic modulus and fracture stress with the amount of mineral in the fibril is proposed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Structural basis for the fracture toughness of the shell of the conch Strombus gigas
TL;DR: Here it is shown that the resistance of the shell of the conch Strombus gigas to catastrophic fracture can be understood quantitatively by invoking two energy-dissipating mechanisms: multiple microcracking in the outer layers at low mechanical loads, and crack bridging in the shell's tougher middle layers at higher loads.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tailored 3D mechanical metamaterials made by dip-in direct-laser-writing optical lithography.
Tiemo Bückmann,Nicolas Stenger,Muamer Kadic,Johannes Kaschke,Andreas Frölich,Tobias Kennerknecht,Christoph Eberl,Michael Thiel,Martin Wegener +8 more
TL;DR: Bow-tie elements assembled into mechanical metamaterials with positive/zero/negative Poisson's ratio and with sufficient overall size for direct mechanical characterization aim at demonstrating the new possibilities with respect to rationally designed effective materials.