Gene copy number is associated with phytochemistry in Cannabis sativa
Daniela Vergara,Ezra L. Huscher,Kyle G. Keepers,Robert M. Givens,Christian G. Cizek,Anthony R. Torres,Reggie Gaudino,Nolan C. Kane +7 more
TLDR
The results demonstrate that biosynthetic genes found at multiple points in the pathway could be useful for breeding purposes, and suggest that natural and artificial selection have shaped CN variation.Abstract:
Gene copy number (CN) variation is known to be important in nearly every species where it has been examined. Alterations in gene CN may provide a fast way of acquiring diversity, allowing rapid adaptation under strong selective pressures, and may also be a key component of standing genetic variation within species. Cannabis sativa plants produce a distinguishing set of secondary metabolites, the cannabinoids, many of which have medicinal utility. Two major cannabinoids-THCA (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid) and CBDA (cannabidiolic acid)-are products of a three-step biochemical pathway. Using whole-genome shotgun sequence data for 69 Cannabis cultivars from diverse lineages within the species, we found that genes encoding the synthases in this pathway vary in CN. Transcriptome sequence data show that the cannabinoid paralogs are differentially expressed among lineages within the species. We also found that CN partially explains variation in cannabinoid content levels among Cannabis plants. Our results demonstrate that biosynthetic genes found at multiple points in the pathway could be useful for breeding purposes, and suggest that natural and artificial selection have shaped CN variation. Truncations in specific paralogs are associated with lack of production of particular cannabinoids, showing how phytochemical diversity can evolve through a complex combination of processes.read more
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A new Cannabis genome assembly associates elevated cannabidiol (CBD) with hemp introgressed into marijuana.
Christopher J. Grassa,George D. Weiblen,Jonathan P. Wenger,Clemon Dabney,Shane G. Poplawski,S. Timothy Motley,Todd P. Michael,Christopher J. Schwartz +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a nanopore-based assembly anchored to a high-resolution linkage map provided a chromosome-resolved genome for CBDRx, a potent CBD-type cultivar.
Journal ArticleDOI
Recent advances in Cannabis sativa genomics research.
Bhavna Hurgobin,Bhavna Hurgobin,Muluneh Tamiru-Oli,Muluneh Tamiru-Oli,Matthew T. Welling,Matthew T. Welling,Monika S. Doblin,Monika S. Doblin,Antony Bacic,Antony Bacic,James Whelan,James Whelan,Mathew G. Lewsey,Mathew G. Lewsey +13 more
TL;DR: This review provides a comprehensive summary of key cannabis genomics resources and their applications, and discusses prospective applications of existing and emerging genomics technologies for accelerating the genetic improvement of cannabis.
Posted ContentDOI
Sequence and annotation of 42 cannabis genomes reveals extensive copy number variation in cannabinoid synthesis and pathogen resistance genes
Kevin McKernan,Yvonne Helbert,Liam T. Kane,Heather Ebling,Lei Zhang,Biao Liu,Zachary Eaton,Stephen H. McLaughlin,Sarah B. Kingan,Primo Baybayan,Gregory T. Concepcion,Mark Jordan,Alberto Riva,William B. Barbazuk,Timothy T. Harkins +14 more
TL;DR: A refined genetic map of the variation in cannabis can guide more stable and directed breeding efforts for desired chemotypes and pathogen-resistant cultivars.
Posted ContentDOI
The Phytochemical Diversity of Commercial Cannabis in the United States
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed tens of thousands of commercial Cannabis samples across six US states, finding distinct chemical phenotypes (chemotypes) which are reliably present and showed that commercial labels do not consistently align with the observed chemical diversity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Origin and evolution of the cannabinoid oxidocyclase gene family
Robin van Velzen,M. Eric Schranz +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a comparative genomic analysis of Cannabis, related genera within the Cannabaceae family, and selected outgroup species was performed, which revealed two main syntenic blocks, each comprising tandemly repeated cannabinoid oxidocyclase genes.
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