Global imprint of climate change on marine life
Elvira S. Poloczanska,Christopher J. Brown,Christopher J. Brown,William J. Sydeman,Wolfgang Kiessling,Wolfgang Kiessling,David S. Schoeman,David S. Schoeman,Pippa J. Moore,Pippa J. Moore,Keith Brander,John F. Bruno,Lauren B. Buckley,Michael T. Burrows,Carlos M. Duarte,Carlos M. Duarte,Benjamin S. Halpern,Johnna Holding,Carrie V. Kappel,Mary I. O'Connor,John M. Pandolfi,Camille Parmesan,Camille Parmesan,Franklin B. Schwing,Sarah Ann Thompson,Anthony J. Richardson,Anthony J. Richardson +26 more
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This article synthesized all available studies of the consistency of marine ecological observations with expectations under climate change This yielded a meta-database of 1,735 marine biological responses for which either regional or global climate change was considered as a driver.Abstract:
Research that combines all available studies of biological responses to regional and global climate change shows that 81–83% of all observations were consistent with the expected impacts of climate change These findings were replicated across taxa and oceanic basins Past meta-analyses of the response of marine organisms to climate change have examined a limited range of locations1,2, taxonomic groups2,3,4 and/or biological responses5,6 This has precluded a robust overview of the effect of climate change in the global ocean Here, we synthesized all available studies of the consistency of marine ecological observations with expectations under climate change This yielded a meta-database of 1,735 marine biological responses for which either regional or global climate change was considered as a driver Included were instances of marine taxa responding as expected, in a manner inconsistent with expectations, and taxa demonstrating no response From this database, 81–83% of all observations for distribution, phenology, community composition, abundance, demography and calcification across taxa and ocean basins were consistent with the expected impacts of climate change Of the species responding to climate change, rates of distribution shifts were, on average, consistent with those required to track ocean surface temperature changes Conversely, we did not find a relationship between regional shifts in spring phenology and the seasonality of temperature Rates of observed shifts in species’ distributions and phenology are comparable to, or greater, than those for terrestrial systemsread more
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Marine assemblages respond rapidly to winter climate variability.
TL;DR: It is found that winter temperatures were particularly useful for explaining interannual variation in species' distribution and biomass, although the direction and magnitude of the response varied among species from strongly negative, to little response, to strongly positive.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate-change impacts on sandy-beach biota: crossing a line in the sand.
TL;DR: Surprisingly, observational evidence for climate-change responses in beach biota is more convincing for invertebrates than for highly charismatic turtles, which is paradoxical given the better theoretical understanding of the mechanisms by which turtles are likely to respond to changes in climate.
Journal ArticleDOI
Vulnerable Islands: Climate Change, Tectonic Change, and Changing Livelihoods in the Western Pacific
TL;DR: The physical changes to several small islands can be linked to a range of physical influences and to human modification as mentioned in this paper, and the degradation of island environments has primarily been attributed to the impact of sea-level rise.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mobile protected areas for biodiversity on the high seas
TL;DR: In this article, a new agreement is being negotiated under the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) to provide legally binding mechanisms to protect the marine environment and to conserve and ensure the sustainable use of marine biodiversity on the high seas (international waters in areas beyond national jurisdiction).
Journal ArticleDOI
It's about time: A synthesis of changing phenology in the Gulf of Maine ecosystem.
Michelle D. Staudinger,Michelle D. Staudinger,Katherine E. Mills,Karen Stamieszkin,Nicholas R. Record,Christine A. Hudak,Andrew J. Allyn,Antony W. Diamond,Kevin D. Friedland,Walter J. Golet,Walter J. Golet,Meghan Elisabeth Henderson,Christina M. Hernandez,Thomas G. Huntington,Rubao Ji,Catherine Johnson,David Samuel Johnson,Adrian Jordaan,John F. Kocik,Yun Li,Yun Li,Matthew Liebman,Owen C. Nichols,Daniel E. Pendleton,R. Anne Richards,Thomas Robben,Andrew C. Thomas,Harvey J. Walsh,Keenan Yakola +28 more
TL;DR: A need for increased emphasis on phenological shifts in the Gulf of Maine is revealed and opportunities for future research and consideration of phenological changes in adaptation efforts are identified.
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors set the stage for impact, adaptation, and vulnerability assessment of climate change in the context of sustainable development and equity, and developed and applied scenarios in Climate Change Impact, Adaptation, and Vulnerability Assessment.
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A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems
Camille Parmesan,Gary W. Yohe +1 more
TL;DR: A diagnostic fingerprint of temporal and spatial ‘sign-switching’ responses uniquely predicted by twentieth century climate trends is defined and generates ‘very high confidence’ (as laid down by the IPCC) that climate change is already affecting living systems.
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Fingerprints of global warming on wild animals and plants
Terry L. Root,Jeff Price,Kimberly R. Hall,Stephen H. Schneider,Cynthia Rosenzweig,J. Alan Pounds +5 more
TL;DR: A consistent temperature-related shift is revealed in species ranging from molluscs to mammals and from grasses to trees, suggesting that a significant impact of global warming is already discernible in animal and plant populations.
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Rapid Range Shifts of Species Associated with High Levels of Climate Warming
TL;DR: A meta-analysis shows that species are shifting their distributions in response to climate change at an accelerating rate, and that the range shift of each species depends on multiple internal species traits and external drivers of change.
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