Journal ArticleDOI
Global shifts towards positive species interactions with increasing environmental stress
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A synthesis of 727 tests of the stress-gradient hypothesis in plant communities across the globe shows that plant interactions change with stress through an outright shift to facilitation (survival) or a reduction in competition (growth and reproduction).Abstract:
The study of positive species interactions is a rapidly evolving field in ecology. Despite decades of research, controversy has emerged as to whether positive and negative interactions predictably shift with increasing environmental stress as hypothesised by the stress-gradient hypothesis (SGH). Here, we provide a synthesis of 727 tests of the SGH in plant communities across the globe to examine its generality across a variety of ecological factors. Our results show that plant interactions change with stress through an outright shift to facilitation (survival) or a reduction in competition (growth and reproduction). In a limited number of cases, plant interactions do not respond to stress, but they never shift towards competition with stress. These findings are consistent across stress types, plant growth forms, life histories, origins (invasive vs. native), climates, ecosystems and methodologies, though the magnitude of the shifts towards facilitation with stress is dependent on these factors. We suggest that future studies should employ standardised definitions and protocols to test the SGH, take a multi-factorial approach that considers variables such as plant traits in addition to stress, and apply the SGH to better understand how species and communities will respond to environmental change.read more
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Spatial and demographic structure of tara stands (Caesalpinia spinosa) in Peru: Influence of present and past forest management
Irene Cordero,Irene Cordero,María Dolores Jiménez,Juan A. Delgado,Luis Eduardo Martinez Villegas,Luis Balaguer +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a regeneration problem has been detected in a forest of tara (Caesalpinia spinosa), a neotropical tree of high ecological and economic value, in Atiquipa (Per Peru).
Journal ArticleDOI
A Meta-analysis of Plant Interaction Networks Reveals Competitive Hierarchies as well as Facilitation and Intransitivity.
TL;DR: The network structure of 31 woody and herbaceous communities was measured, including the intensity, distribution, and diversity of interactions at the species-pair and community levels to determine the generality of competition, winner-loser relationships, and unequal interaction allocation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ecological engineering across a spatial gradient: Sociable weaver colonies facilitate animal associations with increasing environmental harshness
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors investigate how the ecosystem engineering role and importance of sociable weavers Philetairus socius varies across a spatial gradient of harshness, for which aridity served as a proxy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Macro‐spatial structure of biotic interactions in the distribution of a raptor species
TL;DR: In this article, a contribution to the projects CGL2011•28177, CGL2014•56416•P and CGL2016•78070•P from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness was made.
Journal ArticleDOI
Germination phenology determines the propensity for facilitation and competition.
TL;DR: Variation in germination timing can explain some of the variation in the facilitation-competition balance in plant communities, according to results of an experiment on a population of the winter annual Arabidopsis thaliana.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification
TL;DR: In this paper, a new global map of climate using the Koppen-Geiger system based on a large global data set of long-term monthly precipitation and temperature station time series is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated
TL;DR: A new digital Koppen-Geiger world map on climate classification, valid for the second half of the 20 th century, based on recent data sets from the Climatic Research Unit of the University of East Anglia and the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre at the German Weather Service.
Book
Plant Strategies and Vegetation Processes
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present plant strategies in the established phase and the regenerative phase in the emerging phase, respectively, and discuss the relationship between the two phases: primary strategies and secondary strategies.
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