Journal ArticleDOI
Global shifts towards positive species interactions with increasing environmental stress
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A synthesis of 727 tests of the stress-gradient hypothesis in plant communities across the globe shows that plant interactions change with stress through an outright shift to facilitation (survival) or a reduction in competition (growth and reproduction).Abstract:
The study of positive species interactions is a rapidly evolving field in ecology. Despite decades of research, controversy has emerged as to whether positive and negative interactions predictably shift with increasing environmental stress as hypothesised by the stress-gradient hypothesis (SGH). Here, we provide a synthesis of 727 tests of the SGH in plant communities across the globe to examine its generality across a variety of ecological factors. Our results show that plant interactions change with stress through an outright shift to facilitation (survival) or a reduction in competition (growth and reproduction). In a limited number of cases, plant interactions do not respond to stress, but they never shift towards competition with stress. These findings are consistent across stress types, plant growth forms, life histories, origins (invasive vs. native), climates, ecosystems and methodologies, though the magnitude of the shifts towards facilitation with stress is dependent on these factors. We suggest that future studies should employ standardised definitions and protocols to test the SGH, take a multi-factorial approach that considers variables such as plant traits in addition to stress, and apply the SGH to better understand how species and communities will respond to environmental change.read more
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SGH: stress or strain gradient hypothesis? Insights from an elevation gradient on the roof of the world.
TL;DR: The strain gradient hypothesis, considering how species perceive the ambient level of stress and deviate from their optimum, provided a parsimonious explanation for the outcome of plant-plant interactions at both scales.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spatial and temporal aridity gradients provide poor proxies for plant–plant interactions under climate change: a large-scale experiment
Johannes Metz,Katja Tielbörger +1 more
TL;DR: A unique climatic gradient is utilized in combination with a large-scale, long-term experiment to test whether predictions about plant–plant interactions yield similar results when using experimental manipulations, spatial gradients or temporal variation, and concludes that shrub–annual interaction will remain similar under climate change.
Journal ArticleDOI
Parental care masks a density-dependent shift from cooperation to competition among burying beetle larvae
TL;DR: It is shown that the presence of parental care and the density of larvae on the breeding carcass change the outcome of sibling interactions in burying beetle broods, with a strong negative relationship between larval density and larval mass, consistent with sibling competition for resources.
Journal ArticleDOI
The formation of the oceanic temperate forests of New Zealand
TL;DR: Oceanic temperate forests (OTF) as mentioned in this paper have been identified as Gondwanan or relic tree genera that are more likely to be shared with tropical regions to the north than with temperate fragments of Gondwana (southern Australia, southern South America).
Journal ArticleDOI
Untangling direct species associations from indirect mediator species effects with graphical models
Abstract: F.K.C.H. is supported by an ANU cross‐disciplinary research
grant. D.I.W. was supported by an Australian Research Council
Future Fellowship (FT120100501). G.C.P. was supported by the
Australia Postgraduate Award and ARC Discovery Project scheme
(DP180103543). A.T.M. is supported by an Australia Research
Council Discovery Grant (DP180100836). F.J.T. is supported
from the Marsden Fast‐Start Fund and the Royal Society of New
Zealand.
References
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Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification
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