Journal ArticleDOI
Global shifts towards positive species interactions with increasing environmental stress
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A synthesis of 727 tests of the stress-gradient hypothesis in plant communities across the globe shows that plant interactions change with stress through an outright shift to facilitation (survival) or a reduction in competition (growth and reproduction).Abstract:
The study of positive species interactions is a rapidly evolving field in ecology. Despite decades of research, controversy has emerged as to whether positive and negative interactions predictably shift with increasing environmental stress as hypothesised by the stress-gradient hypothesis (SGH). Here, we provide a synthesis of 727 tests of the SGH in plant communities across the globe to examine its generality across a variety of ecological factors. Our results show that plant interactions change with stress through an outright shift to facilitation (survival) or a reduction in competition (growth and reproduction). In a limited number of cases, plant interactions do not respond to stress, but they never shift towards competition with stress. These findings are consistent across stress types, plant growth forms, life histories, origins (invasive vs. native), climates, ecosystems and methodologies, though the magnitude of the shifts towards facilitation with stress is dependent on these factors. We suggest that future studies should employ standardised definitions and protocols to test the SGH, take a multi-factorial approach that considers variables such as plant traits in addition to stress, and apply the SGH to better understand how species and communities will respond to environmental change.read more
Citations
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Assessing Cover Crop and Intercrop Performance Along a Farm Management Gradient
Anne Elise Stratton,Jucinei José Comin,Ilyas Siddique,Donald R. Zak,Letícia Dambroz Filipini,Renata Rodrigues Lucas,Jennifer Blesh +6 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Non‐hierarchical competition among co‐occurring woody seedlings in a resource‐limited environment
TL;DR: This work presents the results of a response surface experiment that examines growth responses among seedlings of Ambrosia dumosa, Eriogonum fasciculatum, and Larrea tridentata that were planted at three densities and four relative frequencies and shows that seedling survival is contingent on the species identity and density of neighboring seedlings.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plant interactions balance under biotic and abiotic stressors: the importance of herbivory in semi-arid ecosystems
TL;DR: It is concluded that herbivore pressure is an important driver of the balance of plant interactions in semi-arid environments and water additions exerted no effect on plant interactions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Grazing and microhabitat interact to affect plant–plant interactions in subtropical seasonal wetlands
Posted ContentDOI
Extending the Stress-Gradient hypothesis: greater adaptation between teosinte and soil biota at higher stress sites
TL;DR: Local adaptation of teosinte to soil biota is found at the stressful end of the authors' climatic gradient but not at the benign end: sympatric combinations of plants and biota from stressful sites both increase plant fitness and generate more locally adapted plant phenotypes.
References
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Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification
TL;DR: In this paper, a new global map of climate using the Koppen-Geiger system based on a large global data set of long-term monthly precipitation and temperature station time series is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated
TL;DR: A new digital Koppen-Geiger world map on climate classification, valid for the second half of the 20 th century, based on recent data sets from the Climatic Research Unit of the University of East Anglia and the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre at the German Weather Service.
Book
Plant Strategies and Vegetation Processes
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present plant strategies in the established phase and the regenerative phase in the emerging phase, respectively, and discuss the relationship between the two phases: primary strategies and secondary strategies.
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