Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae)
Vanessa Raabe,Andi L. Shane +1 more
TLDR
Group B Streptococcus remains the most common culture-confirmed neonatal bacterial infection in the United States and is a significant source of neonatal morbidity globally, andPenicillin G remains the mainstay of therapy, although reduced penicillin susceptibility has been observed in select isolates.Abstract:
Invasive disease due to group B Streptococcus infection (Streptococcus agalactiae) results in a wide spectrum of clinical disease. In North America, serotypes Ia, Ib, II, III, and V are most frequently associated with invasive disease. Group B Streptococcus remains a continuing source of morbidity and mortality in high-risk populations, including pregnant women, neonates, and the elderly; an increasing incidence of invasive disease has been observed in nonpregnant adults. Group B Streptococcus remains the most common culture-confirmed neonatal bacterial infection in the United States and is a significant source of neonatal morbidity globally. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis has reduced the incidence of early-onset neonatal disease without a notable impact on the incidence of late-onset neonatal disease. Penicillin G remains the mainstay of therapy, although reduced penicillin susceptibility has been observed in select isolates. Increased frequency of resistance to non-beta-lactam antibiotics, including clindamycin, erythromycin, and fluoroquinolones, has been observed, with some isolates demonstrating resistance to vancomycin. The development and implementation of strategies to identify hosts, treat judiciously with antimicrobials with the narrowest spectra, and prevent invasive disease, with vaccines, are essential to reduce the burden of group B Streptococcus disease.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Changes in the incidence of invasive disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis during the COVID-19 pandemic in 26 countries and territories in the Invasive Respiratory Infection Surveillance Initiative: a prospective analysis of surveillance data.
Angela B. Brueggemann,Melissa J. Jansen van Rensburg,David Shaw,Noel D. McCarthy,Keith A. Jolley,Martin C. J. Maiden,Mark van der Linden,Zahin Amin-Chowdhury,Desiree E. Bennett,Ray Borrow,Maria Cristina C. Brandileone,Karen Broughton,Ruth Campbell,Bin Cao,Carlo Casanova,Eun Hwa Choi,Yiu Wai Chu,Stephen Clark,Heike Claus,Juliana Coelho,Mary Corcoran,Mary Corcoran,Simon Cottrell,Robert Cunney,Robert Cunney,Tine Dalby,Heather Davies,Linda de Gouveia,Ala Eddine Deghmane,Walter Demczuk,Stefanie Desmet,Richard J. Drew,Richard J. Drew,Mignon du Plessis,Helga Erlendsdóttir,Norman K. Fry,Kurt Fuursted,Steve J. Gray,Birgitta Henriques-Normark,Thomas Hale,Markus Hilty,Steen Hoffmann,Hilary Humphreys,Margaret Ip,Susanne Jacobsson,Jillian Johnston,Jana Kozakova,Karl G. Kristinsson,Pavla Krizova,Alicja Kuch,Shamez N Ladhani,Thiên Trí Lâm,Vera Lebedova,Laura Lindholm,David Litt,Irene Martin,Delphine Martiny,Wesley Mattheus,Martha McElligott,Mary Meehan,Susan Meiring,Paula Mölling,Eva Morfeldt,Julie Morgan,Robert M. Mulhall,Carmen Muñoz-Almagro,David R. Murdoch,Joy Murphy,Martin Musilek,Alexandre Mzabi,Amaresh Perez-Argüello,Monique Perrin,Malorie Perry,Alba Redin,Richard J. Roberts,Maria Roberts,Assaf Rokney,Merav Ron,Kevin J. Scott,Carmen L. Sheppard,Lotta Siira,Anna Skoczynska,Monica Sloan,Hans Christian Slotved,Andrew Smith,Joon Young Song,Muhamed-Kheir Taha,Maija Toropainen,Dominic N.C. Tsang,Anni Vainio,Nina M. van Sorge,Emmanuelle Varon,Jiri Vlach,Ulrich Vogel,Sandra Vohrnova,Anne von Gottberg,Rosemeire C. Zanella,Fei Zhou +97 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the incidence of invasive disease due to these pathogens during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic and found that containment policies and public information campaigns likely reduced transmission of S pneumoniae, H influenzae, and N meningitidis, leading to a significant reduction in lifethreatening invasive diseases in many countries worldwide.
Journal ArticleDOI
Invasive group b streptococcal disease in adults: a population-based study in metropolitan atlanta
TL;DR: Group B streptococcus infections cause serious disease in adults as well as in neonates, providing an additional rationale for vaccine development and identifying groups at increased risk for infection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Resistance Mechanisms to Antimicrobial Peptides in Gram-Positive Bacteria.
Lucas Assoni,Barbara Milani,Marianna Ribeiro Carvalho,Lucas Natanael Nepomuceno,Natalha Tedeschi Waz,Maria Eduarda Souza Guerra,Thiago Rojas Converso,Michelle Darrieux +7 more
TL;DR: The mechanisms exploited by Gram-positive bacteria to circumvent killing by antimicrobial peptides are discussed, including the most clinically relevant genera, Streptococcus spp.
References
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Journal Article
Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease. Revised guidelines from CDC.
TL;DR: Although universal screening for GBS colonization is anticipated to result in further reductions in the burden of GBS disease, the need to monitor for potential adverse consequences of intrapartum antibiotic use, such as emergence of bacterial antimicrobial resistance or increased incidence or severity of non-GBS neonatal pathogens, continues.
Journal ArticleDOI
Infective Endocarditis in Adults: Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Therapy, and Management of Complications A Scientific Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association
Larry M. Baddour,Walter R. Wilson,Arnold S. Bayer,Vance G. Fowler,Imad M. Tleyjeh,Michael J. Rybak,Bruno Baršić,Peter B. Lockhart,Michael H. Gewitz,Matthew E. Levison,Ann F. Bolger,James M. Steckelberg,Robert S. Baltimore,Anne M. Fink,Patrick T. O'Gara,Kathryn A. Taubert +15 more
TL;DR: The recommendations provided in this document are intended to assist in the management of this uncommon but potentially deadly infection and must be used to support and not supplant decisions in individual patient management.
Journal ArticleDOI
A serological differentiation of human and other groups of hemolytic streptococci.
TL;DR: Five strains of hemolytic streptococci isolated from man, other animals, milk, and cheese have been classified into five groups, which bear a definite relationship to the sources of the cultures, each being chemically distinct and ser specific in the individual groups.
Journal ArticleDOI
Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis: The Burden of Group B Streptococcal and E. coli Disease Continues
Barbara J. Stoll,Nellie I. Hansen,Pablo J. Sánchez,Roger G. Faix,Brenda B. Poindexter,Krisa P. Van Meurs,Matthew J. Bizzarro,Ronald N. Goldberg,Ivan D. Frantz,Ellen C. Hale,Seetha Shankaran,Kathleen A. Kennedy,Waldemar A. Carlo,Kristi L. Watterberg,Edward F. Bell,Michele C. Walsh,Kurt Schibler,Abbot R. Laptook,Andi L. Shane,Stephanie J. Schrag,Abhik Das,Rosemary D. Higgins +21 more
TL;DR: In the era of intrapartum chemoprophylaxis to reduce GBS, rates of EO infection have declined but reflect a continued burden of disease, suggesting that Escherichia coli is an important EO pathogen.
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